Editing Child abandonment (section)

==National law and effects on child abandonment==

'''China's One Child Policy:'''
In 1979 China introduced its [[one-child policy]] which set up penalties for families that chose to have more than one child.<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|last1=Ripley|first1=Will|title='They don't deserve this kind of life:' Meet China's Abandoned Children|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/11/asia/china-orphanage-children/index.html|website=CNN |date=11 August 2015|access-date=2018-02-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054522/https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/11/asia/china-orphanage-children/index.html |archive-date= Mar 9, 2018 }}</ref> Women were compelled to undergo a surgical implantation of an IUD following the birth of their first child and [[tubal ligation]] if they were to have another child.<ref name="cnn.com"/> Families that disobeyed the law were levied a fine and lost their right to many government services, including access to health and educational services.<ref name="Abandoned children">{{cite web|title=Abandoned children|url=http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/134031|website=The Encyclopedia of World Problems & Human Potential|publisher=UIA|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> Nevertheless, transgressions of the law most certainly occurred.<ref name="Abandoned children"/> Consequently, over the course of over three decades, hundreds of thousands of children, the majority of which were girls, were abandoned and required caretaking.<ref name="Abandoned children"/> Non-governmental organizations stepped in to assist with the re-housing of these girls, leading to the international adoption of over 120,000 Chinese children.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Kay Ann|title=China's Hidden Children: Abandonment, Adoption, and the Human Costs of the One-child Policy|date=2016|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago}}</ref> Today, China's fertility rate has not quite returned to the rate of replacement (the birth rate that will maintain population size under conditions of zero net immigration/emigration). In fact, in the years since the relinquishing of the policy, China's fertility rate has only risen .04 per family.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Data|url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&hl=en&dl=en}}</ref>

'''Vietnam War:'''
During and following the [[Vietnam War]], it is estimated that roughly 50,000 babies were born of American fathers and Vietnamese mothers.<ref name=":5" /> A large contingent of these children were either unwanted due to the circumstances of their conception or unable to be cared for due to the lack of available resources and assistance in the war-torn country.<ref name="Abandoned children"/> Locally, these children were known as "[[bụi đời|children of the dust]]."<ref name=":5" /> [[Operation Babylift]] was established by the US government in an effort to bring over 3,300 children, many but not all of whom were abandoned, orphaned, or mixed-race, leading to fears of their exploitation, to Western countries to be adopted, with varying degrees of success. Non-governmental organizations attempted to alleviate the problem by setting up international adoptions and other rehoming methods but were largely ineffective. To this day, attempts are being made to link American veterans to children that they may have fathered during their time in Vietnam as well as children to their families in Vietnam.<ref name=":5">{{cite news|last1=Watts|first1=Jonathan|title=GIs return to end 30 years of pain for Vietnam's children of the dust|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/02/usa.jonathanwatts|newspaper=The Guardian|date=May 2005}}</ref>

'''Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu:'''
During the rule of Communist politician [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], Romania underwent drastic changes to its populace. Ceaușescu, in an attempt to form a robust and young population, outlawed methods of contraception and encouraged the creation of large families with many children.<ref name="Abandoned children"/> Much like during the Fascist period of Italian history, incentives and cultural praise were offered to parents who produced many children.<ref name="Decree 770 of Ceaucescu">{{cite web|title=Decree 770 of Ceaucescu|url=https://searchinginhistory.blogspot.com/2014/01/decree-770-of-ceausescu.html|website=Searching in History|access-date=2018-02-11|date=19 January 2014}}</ref> Ceaușescu established Decree 770 which outlawed abortion and contraception for all women, except those who were over 40, had already borne 4–5 children, had life-threatening complications during pregnancy, or who became pregnant through rape or incest.<ref name="Decree 770 of Ceaucescu"/> In the following years, Romania's birth rate nearly doubled.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Breslau|first1=Karen|title=Overplanned Parenthood: Ceausescu's Cruel Law|url=http://www.ceausescu.org/ceausescu_texts/overplanned_parenthood.htm|website=Ceausescu|publisher=ceausescu.org|access-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> However, due to a lack of resources necessary to care for the abundance of children, thousands were abandoned or left to die. Other women resorted to unsafe forms of abortion carried out by people without medical training.<ref name="Abandoned children"/> The problem persisted until Ceaușescu [[Romanian revolution|was overthrown]] in 1989. Following the revolution, Romania's birthrate steadily declined for the following decades.<ref name=":6">{{cite web|title=Romania – Birth Rate|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=ro&v=25|publisher=Index Mundi}}</ref> Today, the birth rate has dropped to 1.52 births per woman, under the rate of replacement.<ref name=":6" />