Editing Cheyenne (section)

====Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851====
[[File:Arapaho and Cheyenne 1851 treaty territory. (Area 426 and 477).png|thumb|Arapaho and Cheyenne 1851 treaty territory. (Area 426 and 477). Area 477 is the reserve established by treaty of Fort Wise, February 18, 1861.]]
[[File:Cheyenne warrior Alights on the Cloud in his armor, 1852.jpg|thumb|upright 0.5|Cheyenne warrior Alights on the Cloud in his armor. [[Killing of Alights on the Cloud|He was killed]] during an attack on a Pawnee hunting camp in 1852]]

In 1846, [[Thomas Fitzpatrick (trapper)|Thomas Fitzpatrick]] was appointed US [[Indian agent]] for the upper Arkansas and [[Platte River]]. His efforts to negotiate with the Northern Cheyenne, the Arapaho and other tribes led to a great council at [[Fort Laramie]] in 1851. Treaties were negotiated by a commission consisting of Fitzpatrick and David Dawson Mitchell, US [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Superintendent of Indian Affairs]], with the [[Plains Indians|Indians of the northern plains]].

To reduce intertribal warfare on the Plains, the government officials "assigned" territories to each tribe and had them pledge mutual peace. In addition, the government secured permission to build and maintain roads for European-American travelers and traders through Indian country on the Plains, such as the [[Emigrant Trail]] and the [[Santa Fe Trail]], and to maintain [[Fortification#American West|forts]] to guard them. The tribes were compensated with annuities of cash and supplies for such encroachment on their territories. The [[Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)|Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851]] affirmed the Cheyenne and Arapaho territory on the [[Great Plains]] between the [[North Platte River]] and the Arkansas. This territory included what is now Colorado, east of the Front Range of the [[Rocky Mountains|Rockies]] and north of the Arkansas River; Wyoming and [[Nebraska]], south of the North Platte River; and extreme western [[Kansas]].<ref>Berthrong, pp. 106–123</ref>