Editing Charles I of Hungary (section)

==Family==
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|ref={{sfn|Teke|1994|p=48}}{{sfn|Dümmerth|1982|pp=62–63, Appendix}}{{sfn|Kristó|Makk|1996|p=271, Appendix 5}}{{sfn|Franzl|2002|pp=279–280}}
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|1= 1. '''Charles I of Hungary'''

|2= 2. [[Charles Martel of Anjou|Charles Martel, Prince of Salerno]]
|3= 3. [[Klementia of Habsburg]]

|4= 4. [[Charles II of Naples]]
|5= 5. [[Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples|Mary of Hungary]]
|6= 6. [[Rudolf I of Germany]]
|7= 7. [[Gertrude of Hohenberg]]

|8= 8. [[Charles I of Naples]]
|9= 9. [[Beatrice of Provence]]
|10= 10. [[Stephen V of Hungary]]
|11= 11. [[Elizabeth the Cuman]]
|12= 12. [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV of Habsburg]]
|13= 13. Hedwig of Kyburg
|14=
|15=
}}

The ''[[Anonymi descriptio Europae orientalis]]'' ("An Anonymous' Description of Eastern Europe"), written in the first half of 1308, claims that "the daughter of the strapping Duke of Ruthenia, Leo, has recently married Charles, King of Hungary".{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=15}}{{sfn|Sroka|1992|p=261}} Charles also stated in a charter of 1326 that he once travelled to "Ruthenia" (or [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|Halych-Lodomeria]]) in order to bring his first wife back to Hungary.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=16}}{{sfn|Sroka|1992|p=261}} A charter issued on 23&nbsp;June 1326 referred to Charles's wife, Queen Mary.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=17}} Historian Gyula Kristó says, the three documents show that Charles married a daughter of [[Leo II of Galicia]] in late 1305 or early 1306.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=17–18}} Historian Enikő Csukovits accepts Kristó's interpretation, but she writes that Mary of Galicia most probably died before the marriage.{{sfn|Csukovits|2012a|p=114}} The Polish scholar, Stanisław Sroka, rejects Kristó's interpretation, stating that Leo I—who was born in 1292, according to him—could hardly have fathered Charles's first wife.{{sfn|Sroka|1992|p=262}} In accordance with previous academic consensus, Sroka says that Charles's first wife was [[Mary of Bytom]] from the [[Silesian dukes|Silesian branch]] of the [[Piast dynasty]].{{sfn|Sroka|1992|p=263}}

The ''Illuminated Chronicle'' stated that Charles's "first consort, Maria&nbsp;... was of the Polish nation" and she was "the daughter of [[Casimir of Bytom|Duke Casimir]]".<ref>''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:'' (ch. 197.139), p. 145.</ref>{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=15}} Sroka proposes that Mary of Bytom married Charles in 1306, but Kristó writes that their marriage probably took place in the first half of 1311.{{sfn|Sroka|1992|p=265}}{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=19}} The ''Illuminated Chronicle'' recorded that she died on 15&nbsp;December 1317, but a royal charter issued on 12&nbsp;July 1318 stated that her husband made a land grant with her consent.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=19–20}} Charles's next—second or third—wife was [[Beatrice of Luxembourg]], who was a daughter of [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor]], and the sister of [[John, King of Bohemia]].{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=19–20}} Their marriage took place before the end of February 1319.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=22}} She died in childbirth in early November in the same year.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=22}} Charles's last wife, [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Elisabeth]], daughter of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high|Władysław I]], [[King of Poland]],{{sfn|Knoll|1972|p=42}} was born around 1306.{{sfn|Knoll|1972|p=42}} Their marriage took place on 6&nbsp;July 1320.{{sfn|Knoll|1972|p=42}}

Most 14th-century Hungarian chroniclers write that Charles and Elisabeth of Poland had five sons.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=25–26}} Their first son, Charles, was born in 1321 and died in the same year according to the ''Illuminated Chronicle''.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=23}} However, a charter of June 1323 states that the child had died in this month.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=23–24}} The second son of Charles and Elisabeth, Ladislaus, was born in 1324.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=26}} The marriage of Ladislaus and [[Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Austria|Anne]], a daughter of King John of Bohemia, was planned by their parents, but Ladislaus died in 1329.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=27}} Charles's and Elisabeth's third son, Louis, who was born in 1326, survived his father and succeeded him as King of Hungary.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=27}} His younger brothers, Andrew and [[Stephen, Duke of Slavonia|Stephen]], who were born in 1327 and 1332, respectively, also survived Charles.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=27}}

Although no contemporaneous or nearly contemporaneous sources made mention of any further children, Charles may have fathered two daughters, according to historians Zsuzsa Teke and Gyula Kristó.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=27}}{{sfn|Teke|1994|p=49}} Zsuzsa Teke writes that they were born to Mary of Bytom, but the nearly contemporaneous [[Peter of Zittau]] wrote that she had died childless.{{sfn|Teke|1994|p=49}}{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=26}} Gyula Kristó proposes that a [[Miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]] in the ''Illuminated Chronicle'', which depicts Elisabeth of Poland and five children, implies that she gave birth to Charles's two daughters, because Kristó identifies two of the three children standing on her right as daughters.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=25–26}} The elder of Charles's two possible daughters, [[Catherine of Hungary, Duchess of Świdnica|Catherine]], who was born in the early 1320s, was the wife of [[Henry II, Duke of Świdnica]].{{sfn|Kristó|2005|pp=25–26}} Their only daughter, [[Anna von Schweidnitz|Anne]], grew up in the Hungarian royal court after her parents' death, implying that Charles and Elisabeth of Poland were her grandparents.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=25}} Historian Kazimierz Jasiński says that Elisabeth, the wife of Boleslaus&nbsp;II of Troppau, was also Charles's daughter.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=26}} If she was actually Charles's daughter, she must have been born in about 1330, according to Kristó.{{sfn|Kristó|2005|p=26}}

Charles also fathered an illegitimate son, [[Coloman, Bishop of Győr|Coloman]], who was born in early 1317.{{sfn|Sroka|1992|p=265}}{{sfn|Szovák|1994|p=316}} His mother was a daughter of Gurke Csák.{{sfn|Szovák|1994|p=316}} Coloman was elected [[Bishop of Győr]] in 1336.{{sfn|Szovák|1994|p=317}}

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Karoly Robert eskuvoje Erzsebettel.jpg|alt=A crowned woman, surrounded by two bearded men, meets a crowned man while two young men are blowing trumpets |The betrothal of Charles to [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Elisabeth of Poland]] depicted in ''[[Chronicon Pictum|Illuminated Chronicle]]''
File:Elżbieta Łokietkówna z dziećmi.JPG|alt=A crowned woman with two crowned children on her right and three children on her left|Charles's wife, [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Elisabeth of Poland]] and her five children depicted in ''[[Chronicon Pictum|Illuminated Chronicle]]''
</gallery>