Editing Castle Rising Castle (section)

====Baileys====
[[File:Plan of Castle Rising Castle.jpg|thumb|300px|Plan of Castle Rising in the 21st century; A - west [[Bailey (fortification)|bailey]]; B - [[keep]]; C - [[Norman people|Norman]] [[chapel]]; D - remains of 14th-century west range and chapel; E - inner bailey; F - [[gatehouse]], [[barbican]] and bridge; G - east bailey]]
Castle Rising is made up of two rectangular baileys to the west and east, and an oval inner bailey in the middle, each with their own substantial earthwork defences and ditches.<ref name=Brown1988P28>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=28}}.</ref> The earthworks of Castle Rising cover a total area of {{convert|5|ha}}, and are considered by archaeologists Oliver Creighton and Robert Higham to be among the most impressive in Britain.<ref>{{harvnb|Liddiard|2000|p=172}}; {{harvnb|Creighton|Higham|2003|p=37}}.</ref> The interior of the western bailey has been levelled up to form a platform, and is no longer directly connected to the rest of the castle.<ref name=Brown1988P28/> The eastern bailey is {{convert|82|m}} by {{convert|59|m}} across, and formed a protective buffer, covering the entrance way to the inner bailey.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|pp=28, 80}}; {{harvnb|Liddiard|2000|p=172}}.</ref>

A stone bridge connects the eastern bailey to the inner bailey, and is {{convert|24|m}} across, still retaining some of its original stonework at its base, although the remainder of it has since been rebuilt many times.<ref name=Brown1988P28/> The bridge leads onto a stone [[gatehouse]], dating from around 1138; when it was first built it was substantially taller and longer than today.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|pp=29–30}}.</ref> It was originally equipped with a [[portcullis]], and a stone [[barbican]] was later built outside it for additional protection.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=29}}.</ref>

Beyond the gatehouse is the inner bailey, which forms a [[ringwork]] {{convert|73|m}} by {{convert|60|m}} in size, with a circumference of {{convert|320|m}}; the banks are now {{convert|18|m}} high from the bottom of the defensive ditch, although they were originally only half this height.<ref>{{harvnb|Liddiard|2000|p=172}}; {{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=28}}.</ref> It is uncertain what was placed around the top of this bank when it first built; there may have been a wooden [[palisade]], or possibly a timber [[revetment]].<ref>{{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=133}}.</ref> Some of the remains of the 14th-century brick wall, built on an additional {{convert|1|m}} layer of [[Lime (material)|limed]] sand for stability, have survived along part of the bank.<ref>{{harvnb|Liddiard|2000|p=172}}; {{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=137}}.</ref> There were three towers built along the walls during the medieval period, two of which have left their mark in the earth banks; the location of the third is uncertain.<ref>{{harvnb|Liddiard|2000|p=172}}; {{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=49}}.</ref>

[[File:Castle Rising Castle 16.jpg|thumb|left|The Norman chapel, looking east]]
The main architectural focus of the inner bailey was the great keep, but it also contained a Norman chapel and, from at least the 14th century onwards, a complex of smaller residential and service buildings.<ref>{{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=42}}; {{harvnb|Brown|1989|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Pounds|1994|p=188}}.</ref> The visible stone foundations on the north side of the keep belong to the chapel and range built for Queen Isabella around 1330.<ref name=MorleyGurneyPP5657>{{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|pp=56–57}}.</ref>{{efn|Archaeologists divide the buildings in the bailey into six different, numbered periods, covering the period from around 1300 to 1544. Isabella's ownership of the castle falls into phase 1.<ref name=MorleyGurneyPP5657/>}} The bailey well can also still be seen.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=33}}.</ref>

On the north side of the bailey are the remains of the Norman chapel, which comprised a [[nave]], a square tower and an [[apsidal]] [[chancel]], 12.7 metres by 6 metres (42&nbsp;ft by 20&nbsp;ft), 4 metres square (13&nbsp;ft square) and 4.6 metres by 4 metres (15&nbsp;ft by 13&nbsp;ft) respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=32}}; {{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=24}}.</ref> It was built from local grey [[sandstone]], and [[Imbrex and tegula|Roman tiles]] from one of the nearby villas were used to construct its roof and incorporated into the walls.<ref>{{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|pp=9, 24}}.</ref> Originally the tower would have had a [[church bell]], and the [[Bellfounding|casting pit]] for this is buried under the floor of the nave.<ref>{{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|pp=4, 28–29}}.</ref> A stone bench runs around the base of the walls, and in the 19th century there was also a stone base for a [[Baptismal font|font]] in the nave, but this has since been lost.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=32}}; {{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=27}}.</ref> A piece of early medieval [[graffiti]], possibly depicting a Norman soldier, has survived on the south exterior wall.<ref>{{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=27}}.</ref> A fireplace was added to the chapel during the [[Tudor period]], although this was only in use for a few years before being abandoned.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1988|p=32}}; {{harvnb|Morley|Gurney|1997|p=38}}.</ref>