Editing Caria (section)

==== Persian satrapy ====
{{Further|Lygdamid dynasty|Hecatomnids}}
[[File:SATRAPS of CARIA. Maussolos. Circa 377-6-353-2 BC.jpg|thumb|Coin of [[Maussolos]] as Achaemenid Satrap of Caria. Circa 377/6-353/2 BC]]
Caria was then incorporated into the Persian [[Achaemenid Empire]] as a [[satrap]]y (province) in 545 BC. The most important town was [[Halicarnassus]], from where its sovereigns, the tyrants of the [[Lygdamid dynasty]] (c.520-450 BC), reigned. Other major towns were [[Latmus|Latmus, refounded as Heracleia under Latmus]], [[Antioch on the Maeander|Antiochia]], [[Myndus]], [[Denizli|Laodicea]], [[Alinda (Caria)|Alinda]] and [[Alabanda]]. Caria participated in the [[Ionian Revolt]] (499–493 BC) against the Persian rule.<ref>Herodotus Histories Book 5: Terpsichore</ref>

[[File:Artemisia at the Battle of Salamis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Artemisia I of Caria|Artemisia]], Queen of [[Halicarnassus]], and commander of the Carian contingent, at the [[Battle of Salamis]], 480 BC. [[Wilhelm von Kaulbach]]<ref name="WVK">On the identification with Artemisia: "...Above the ships of the victorious Greeks, against which Artemisia, the Xerxes' ally, sends fleeing arrows...". Original German description of the painting: "Die neue Erfindung, welche Kaulbach für den neuen hohen Beschützer zu zeichnen gedachte, war wahrscheinlich "die Schlacht von Salamis“. Ueber den Schiffen der siegreichen Griechen, gegen welche Artemisia, des Xerxes Bundesgenossin, fliehend Pfeile sendet, sieht man in Wolken die beiden Ajaxe" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=DYpgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA300 Altpreussische Monatsschrift Nene Folge p.300]</ref>]]
[[File:CARIA, Achaemenid Period. Circa 350-334 BC.jpg|thumb|Coin of Caria, Achaemenid Period. Circa 350-334 BC.]]
[[File:Xerxes detail Carian soldier.jpg|thumb|Carian soldier of the [[Achaemenid army]], circa 480 BC. Relief on the tomb of [[Xerxes I]].]]
During the [[Second Persian invasion of Greece]] (480-479 BC), the cities of Caria were allies of [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I]] and they fought at the [[Battle of Artemisium]] and the [[Battle of Salamis]], where the Queen of [[Halicarnassus]] [[Artemisia I of Caria|Artemisia]] commanded the contingent of 70 Carian ships. [[Themistocles]], before the battles of Artemisium and Salamis, tried to split the Ionians and Carians from the Persian coalition. He told them to come and be on his side or not to participate at the battles, but if they were bound down by too strong a compulsion to be able to make revolt, when the battles begin, to be purposely slack.<ref>Herodotus Histories Book 8: Urania [19,22]</ref> Plutarch in his work, The Parallel Lives, at The Life of Themistocles wrote that: "Phanias ({{langx|el|Φαινίας}}), writes that the mother of Themistocles was not a [[Thracian]], but a Carian woman and her name was Euterpe ({{lang|el|Eυτέρπη}}), and Neanthes ({{lang|el|Νεάνθης}}) adds that she was from Halicarnassus in Caria.".<ref>[http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/themisto.html Themistocles By Plutarch] "Yet Phanias writes that the mother of Themistocles was not of Thrace, but of Caria, and that her name was not Abrotonon, but Euterpe; and Neanthes adds farther that she was of Halicarnassus in Caria."</ref>

After the unsuccessful Persian invasion of Greece in 479 BC, the cities of Caria became members of the Athenian-led [[Delian League]], but then returned to Achaemenid rule for about one century, from around 428 BC. Under Achaemenid rule, the Carian dynast [[Mausolus]] took control of neighbouring [[Lycia]], a territory which was still held by [[Pixodarus]] as shown by the [[Xanthos trilingual inscription]].

Halicarnassus was the location of the famed [[Mausoleum at Halicarnassus|Mausoleum]] dedicated to [[Mausolus]], a [[satrap]] of Caria between 377&ndash;353 BC, by his wife, [[Artemisia II of Caria]]. The monument became one of the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]], and from which the Romans named any grand tomb a ''mausoleum.''