Editing Cardinal Richelieu (section)

==Portrayals in fiction==
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[[File:The State Barge of Cardinal Richelieu on the Rhône.png|thumb|''[[The State Barge of Cardinal Richelieu on the Rhône]]'' by [[Paul Delaroche]], 1829]]
As of April 2013, the Internet Movie Database listed 94 films and television programs in which Cardinal Richelieu is a character. Actors who have portrayed Cardinal Richelieu on film and television include [[Nigel De Brulier]], [[George Arliss]], [[Miles Mander]], [[Vincent Price]], [[Charlton Heston]], [[Aleksandr Trofimov (actor)|Aleksandr Trofimov]], [[Tcheky Karyo]], [[Stephen Rea]], [[Tim Curry]], [[Christoph Waltz]] and [[Peter Capaldi]].

Richelieu is one of the clergymen more frequently portrayed in film, notably as the lead villain in [[Alexandre Dumas]]'s 1844 novel ''[[The Three Musketeers]]'' and its [[The Three Musketeers in film|numerous film adaptations]]. He is usually portrayed as a sinister character, but the 1950 ''[[Cyrano de Bergerac (1950 film)|Cyrano de Bergerac]]'' shows Richelieu (played by [[Edgar Barrier]] in a scene not from Rostand's original [[Cyrano de Bergerac (play)|verse drama]]) as compassionate to Cyrano's financial plight, and playfully having enjoyed the duel at the theatre.

Richelieu is indirectly mentioned in a famous line of [[Alessandro Manzoni]]'s novel ''[[The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)|The Betrothed]]'' (1827–1840), set in 1628, as a Lombard peasant expresses his own conspiracy theories about the bread riots happening in Milan. The 1839 play ''[[Richelieu (play)|Richelieu; Or the Conspiracy]]'' by [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton]] portrayed Richelieu uttering the now famous line "[[The pen is mightier than the sword]]." The play was adapted into the 1935 film ''[[Cardinal Richelieu (film)|Cardinal Richelieu]]''.

Richelieu and Louis XIII are depicted in Ken Russell's 1971 film ''[[The Devils (film)|The Devils]]''. The ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]'' episode "How to Recognise Different Types of Trees from Quite a Long Way Away", first released in 1969, features the sketch "Court Scene with Cardinal Richelieu", in which Richelieu (played by [[Michael Palin]]) possesses the casual and somewhat smarmy demeanor of a master of ceremonies.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/dLplQWB2S_8 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20100730115242/http://www.youtube.com//watch?v=dLplQWB2S_8 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |author=Chadner |date=22 December 2006 |title=Monty Python – Court Scene |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLplQWB2S_8 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Richelieu is a minor and eventually a major character in the ''[[Fortune de France]]'' novel series (published between 1977 and 2003) by [[Robert Merle]]. Also, in the 21st century [[1632 series|''1632/Ring of Fire'']] alternative history series by Eric Flint, he is one of the primary antagonists to the nascent United States of Europe.