Editing Canterbury Cathedral (section)

==== Monastic buildings ====
[[File:Canterbury Cathedral Cloisters, Kent, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Cloisters]]
[[File:Christ Church Canterbury Willis 1868 Plate 1 archaeologiacant07kent 0 0303.jpg|thumb|left|The waterworks plan traced from the original by [[Robert Willis (engineer)|Robert Willis]] (1868)<ref name=Willis>{{cite journal|last1=Willis|first1=Robert|author-mask=2|title=The Architectural History of the Conventual Buildings of the Monastery of Christ Church in Canterbury|journal=Archaeologia Cantiana|date=1868|volume=7|pages=1–206|url=https://archive.org/details/willis-1868-archaeologiacant-07kent-0}}</ref>]]
A bird's-eye view of the cathedral and its monastic buildings, made in about 1165<ref name=eb /> and known as the "waterworks plan" is preserved in the [[Eadwine Psalter]] in the library of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite book|title=English Romanesque Art 1066–1200|url=https://archive.org/details/englishromanesqu0000unse|url-access=registration|year=1984|publisher=Arts Council of Great Britain|series=Catalogue of an Exhibition held at the Hayward Gallery, London, 5 April-8 July 1984|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/englishromanesqu0000unse/page/374 374]}}</ref> A detailed description of the plan can be found in the classic paper by [[Robert Willis (engineer)|Willis]].{{r|Willis|pages=158–181}}<ref name="Fergusson2006">{{cite journal|last1=Fergusson|first1=Peter|title=Modernization and Mnemonics at Christ Church, Canterbury: The Treasury Building|journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|date=2006|volume=65|issue=1|pages=50–67|doi=10.2307/25068238|jstor=25068238}}</ref> It shows that Canterbury employed the same general principles of arrangement common to all [[Benedictine monasteries]], although, unusually, the [[cloister]] and monastic buildings were to the north, rather than the south of the church. There was a separate [[chapter-house]]<ref name=eb /> which still exists, said to be "the largest of its kind in all of England". Stained glass here depicts the history of Canterbury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-great-cloister-and-chapter-house-of-canterbury-cathedral|title=The Great Cloister and Chapter House of Canterbury Cathedral|website=Atlas Obscura|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622184616/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-great-cloister-and-chapter-house-of-canterbury-cathedral|archive-date=22 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL GLASS C7471.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The stained glass windows in the chapter-house]]

The buildings formed separate groups around the church. Adjoining it, on the north side, stood the cloister and the buildings devoted to the monastic life. To the east and west of these were those devoted to the exercise of hospitality. Also to the east was the infirmary, with its own chapel. To the north, a large open court divided the monastic buildings from menial ones, such as the stables, granaries, barn, bakehouse, brewhouse, and laundries, inhabited by the lay servants of the establishment. At the greatest possible distance from the church, beyond the precinct of the monastery, was the [[Charity (practice)|eleemosynary]] department. The almonry for the relief of the poor, with a great hall annexed, formed the paupers' hospitium.<ref name=eb />

The group of buildings devoted to monastic life included two cloisters. The great cloister was surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks: the church to the south, with the refectory placed as always on the side opposite, the dormitory, raised on a vaulted [[undercroft]], and the chapter-house adjacent, and the lodgings of the cellarer, responsible for providing both monks and guests with food, to the west. A passage under the dormitory led eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to sick and infirm monks.<ref name=eb />

[[File:Infirmary Chapel ruins, Canterbury, Kent - geograph.org.uk - 116637.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Infirmary Chapel ruins]]The hall and chapel of the infirmary extended east of this cloister, resembling in form and arrangement the nave and chancel of an aisled church. Beneath the dormitory, overlooking the green court or herbarium, lay the "pisalis" or "calefactory", the [[common room]] of the monks. At its northeast corner access was given from the dormitory to the [[toilets|necessarium]], a building in the form of a Norman hall, {{convert|145|ft}} long by {{convert|25|ft}} broad, containing 55 seats. It was constructed with careful regard to hygiene, with a stream of water running through it from end to end.<ref name=eb />

[[File:Canterbury - lavatory tower03b.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|The circular [[lavatorium]] tower, for washing hands]]
[[File:Canterbury Cathedral Treasury Storer Plate 07 historyantiquiti01stor 0057 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.03|View of the treasury in about 1814]]
A second smaller dormitory for the conventual officers ran from east to west. Close to the refectory, but outside the cloisters, were the domestic offices connected with it: to the north, the kitchen, {{convert|47|ft}} square, with a pyramidal roof, and the kitchen court; to the west, the butteries, pantries, etc. The infirmary had a small kitchen of its own. Opposite the refectory door in the cloister were two buildings where the monks washed before and after eating.<ref name=eb /> One of these is the circular two-storey [[lavatorium]] tower.{{r|Willis|pages=62–63}} To the south of the infirmary cloister, close to the east end of the cathedral, is the treasury, with a distinctive octapartite vault.{{r|"Fergusson2006"|page=56}}

The buildings devoted to hospitality were divided into three groups. The prior's group were "entered at the south-east angle of the green court, placed near the most sacred part of the cathedral, as befitting the distinguished ecclesiastics or nobility who were assigned to him." The cellarer's buildings, where middle-class visitors were entertained, stood near the west end of the nave. The inferior pilgrims and paupers were relegated to the north hall or almonry, just within the gate.<ref name=eb>{{EB1911|wstitle= Abbey/Canterbury Cathedral}}</ref>

Priors of Christ Church Priory included [[John of Sittingbourne]] (elected 1222, previously a monk of the priory) and William Chillenden, (elected 1264, previously monk and treasurer of the priory).<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33854 Priors of Canterbury] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202001251/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33854 |date=2 December 2008 }}, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (northern and southern provinces; 1971), pp. 8–12</ref> The monastery was granted the right to elect their own prior if the seat was vacant by the pope, and&nbsp;– from [[Gregory IX]] onwards&nbsp;– the right to a free election (though with the archbishop overseeing their choice). Monks of the priory have included [[Æthelric I]], [[Æthelric II]], [[Walter d'Eynsham]], [[Reginald fitz Jocelin]] (admitted as a confrater shortly before his death), [[Nigel de Longchamps]] and Ernulf. The monks often put forward candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury, either from among their number or outside, since the archbishop was nominally their abbot, but this could lead to clashes with the king or pope should they put forward a different man&nbsp;– examples are the elections of [[Baldwin of Forde]] and [[Thomas Cobham]].

[[File:Canterbury Cathedral Rood Screen, Kent, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|right|Quire screen{{sfn|Withers|1897|p=64}}]]