Editing Canberra (section)

===Climate===
[[File:Autumn in Canberra.jpg|thumb|left|270px|[[Autumn foliage]] in Canberra]]
Under the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger classification]], Canberra has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'').<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate: Canberra – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/118/ |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=5 September 2013 |archive-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084028/http://en.climate-data.org/location/118/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In January, the warmest month, the average high is approximately {{cvt|29|C|F}}; in July, the coldest month, the average high drops to approximately {{cvt|12|C|F}}.

Frost is common in the winter months. Snow is rare in the CBD (central business district) due to being on the [[leeward]] (eastern) side of the dividing range, but the surrounding areas get annual snowfall through winter and often the snow-capped [[Brindabella Range]] can be seen from the CBD. The last significant snowfall in the city centre was in 1968.<ref name=bom/> Canberra is often affected by [[foehn]] winds, [[Southeast Australian foehn|especially in winter and spring]], evident by its anomalously warm maxima relative to altitude.

The highest recorded maximum temperature was {{cvt|44.0|°C}} on 4 January 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/04/australian-weather-canberra-and-penrith-smash-temperature-records-that-stood-for-80-years |title=Australian heatwave: Canberra and Penrith smash temperature records that stood for 80 years |work=The Guardian |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=4 January 2020 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117155802/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/04/australian-weather-canberra-and-penrith-smash-temperature-records-that-stood-for-80-years |url-status=live}}</ref> Winter 2011 was Canberra's warmest winter on record, approximately {{cvt|2|C-change|0}} above the average temperature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canberra's warmest winter |work=abc.net.au |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-08-31/warmest-canberra-winter/2864086 |date=31 August 2011 |access-date=28 August 2016 |archive-date=11 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911023205/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-08-31/warmest-canberra-winter/2864086 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Canberra warming.jpg|thumb|Long-term temperature increase in Canberra]]

The lowest recorded minimum temperature was {{cvt|−10.0|°C}} on the morning of 11 July 1971.<ref name=bom/> Light snow falls only once in every few years, and is usually not widespread and quickly dissipates.<ref name=bom/>

Canberra is protected from the west by the [[Brindabellas]] which create a strong rain shadow in Canberra's valleys.<ref name=bom/> Canberra gets 100.4 clear days annually.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070014_All.shtml |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations: Canberra Airport Comparison |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=3 September 2011 |archive-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709190756/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070014_All.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> Annual rainfall is the third lowest of the capital cities (after [[Adelaide]] and [[Hobart]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/ausclim/zones.htm#two |title=Australia – Climate of Our Continent |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=13 May 2010 |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20090317054300/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/ausclim/zones.html |archive-date=17 March 2009}}{{cbignore|bot=medic }}</ref> and is spread fairly evenly over the seasons, with late spring bringing the highest rainfall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/cgi_bin_scripts/map_script_new.cgi?70014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120604193432/http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/cgi_bin_scripts/map_script_new.cgi?70014 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 June 2012 |title=Climate information for Canberra Aero |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> [[Thunderstorm]]s occur mostly between October and April,<ref name=bom/> owing to the effect of summer and the mountains. The area is generally sheltered from a westerly wind, though strong northwesterlies can develop. A cool, vigorous afternoon easterly change, colloquially referred to as a 'sea-breeze' or the 'Braidwood Butcher',<ref>{{cite web |last1=The Yowie Man |first1=Tim |title=Summer saviour |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6036171/tim-the-yowie-man-summer-saviour/ |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=Canberra Times |date=23 February 2017 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091802/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6036171/tim-the-yowie-man-summer-saviour/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bureau of Meteorology Australian Capital Territory |url=https://twitter.com/BOM_ACT/status/1342318440921620480?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1342318440921620480%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FBOM_ACT2Fstatus2F1342318440921620480widget%3DTweet |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=Twitter |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111005447/https://twitter.com/BOM_ACT/status/1342318440921620480?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1342318440921620480%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FBOM_ACT2Fstatus2F1342318440921620480widget%3DTweet |url-status=live}}</ref> is common during the summer months<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=John R. |last2=Kossmann |first2=Meinolf |last3=Low |first3=David J. |last4=Zawar-Reza |first4=Peyman |date=September 2005 |title=Summertime easterly surges in southeastern Australia: a case study of thermally forced flow |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jshess/docs/2005/taylor_hres.pdf |journal=Australian Meteorological Magazine |issue=54 |pages=213–223 |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121103705/http://www.bom.gov.au/jshess/docs/2005/taylor_hres.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> and often exceeds 40&nbsp;km/h in the city. Canberra is also less humid than the nearby coastal areas.<ref name=bom/>

Canberra was severely affected by smoke haze during the [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season|2019/2020 bushfires]]. On 1 January 2020, Canberra had the worst air quality of any major city in the world, with an AQI of 7700 (USAQI 949).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/03/canberra-chokes-on-worlds-worst-air-quality-as-city-all-but-shut-down |title=Canberra chokes on world's worst air quality as city all but shut down |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=3 January 2020 |access-date=5 January 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104201651/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/03/canberra-chokes-on-worlds-worst-air-quality-as-city-all-but-shut-down |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Weather box|location = Canberra Airport Comparison (1991–2010 averages, extremes 1939–2023); 578 m AMSL; 35.30° S, 149.20° E
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C=44.0
|Feb record high C=42.7
|Mar record high C=37.5
|Apr record high C=32.6
|May record high C=24.5
|Jun record high C=20.1
|Jul record high C=19.7
|Aug record high C=24.0
|Sep record high C=30.2
|Oct record high C=32.7
|Nov record high C=39.9
|Dec record high C=41.6
|year record high C=44.0
|Jan high C = 28.8
|Feb high C = 27.8
|Mar high C = 24.9
|Apr high C = 20.7
|May high C = 16.6
|Jun high C = 12.9
|Jul high C = 12.1
|Aug high C = 13.8
|Sep high C = 16.8
|Oct high C = 20.1
|Nov high C = 23.4
|Dec high C = 26.5
|year high C = 20.4
|Jan mean C = 21.4
|Feb mean C = 20.8 
|Mar mean C = 17.9
|Apr mean C = 13.7
|May mean C = 10.0
|Jun mean C = 7.3
|Jul mean C = 6.2
|Aug mean C = 7.5
|Sep mean C = 10.4
|Oct mean C = 13.4
|Nov mean C = 16.5
|Dec mean C = 19.3
|year mean C = 13.7
|Jan low C = 14.0
|Feb low C = 13.8
|Mar low C = 10.9
|Apr low C = 6.6
|May low C = 3.4
|Jun low C = 1.6
|Jul low C = 0.3
|Aug low C = 1.2
|Sep low C = 4.0
|Oct low C = 6.7
|Nov low C = 9.6
|Dec low C = 12.1
|year low C = 7.0
|Jan record low C = 1.6
|Feb record low C = 2.8
|Mar record low C = -1.1
|Apr record low C = -3.7
|May record low C = -7.5
|Jun record low C = -8.5
|Jul record low C = -10.0
|Aug record low C = -8.5
|Sep record low C = -6.9
|Oct record low C = -3.4
|Nov record low C = -1.8
|Dec record low C = 0.3
|year record low C = -10.0
|precipitation colour = green
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation mm = 61.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 55.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 37.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 27.3
|May precipitation mm = 31.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 50.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 44.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 43.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 55.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 50.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 68.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.1
|year precipitation mm = 579.5
|Jan precipitation days = 6.8
|Feb precipitation days = 6.7
|Mar precipitation days = 5.7
|Apr precipitation days = 5.4
|May precipitation days = 6.3
|Jun precipitation days = 9.7
|Jul precipitation days = 10.0
|Aug precipitation days = 8.5
|Sep precipitation days = 9.8
|Oct precipitation days = 9.1
|Nov precipitation days = 10.2
|Dec precipitation days = 7.2
|year precipitation days = 95.4
|Jan sun = 294.5
|Feb sun = 254.3
|Mar sun = 251.1
|Apr sun = 219.0
|May sun = 186.0
|Jun sun = 156.0
|Jul sun = 179.8
|Aug sun = 217.0
|Sep sun = 231.0
|Oct sun = 266.6
|Nov sun = 267.0
|Dec sun = 291.4
|year sun = 2813.7
|humidity colour= green
|Jan afthumidity = 37
|Feb afthumidity = 40
|Mar afthumidity = 42
|Apr afthumidity = 46
|May afthumidity = 54
|Jun afthumidity = 60
|Jul afthumidity = 58
|Aug afthumidity = 52
|Sep afthumidity = 49
|Oct afthumidity = 47
|Nov afthumidity = 41
|Dec afthumidity = 37
|year afthumidity = 47
|Jan dew point C = 8.6
|Feb dew point C = 9.8
|Mar dew point C = 8.5
|Apr dew point C = 6.4
|May dew point C = 5.0
|Jun dew point C = 3.5
|Jul dew point C = 2.3
|Aug dew point C = 2.1
|Sep dew point C = 3.7
|Oct dew point C = 5.4
|Nov dew point C = 6.3
|Dec dew point C = 6.9
|source 1 =Climate averages for Canberra Airport Comparison (1939–2010); averages given are for 1991–2010<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=070014&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations: Canberra Airport Comparison (1991–2020) |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>
|date=September 2011
|source 2=Records from Canberra Airport for more recent extremes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070351_All.shtml |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations: Canberra Airport |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=17 April 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726112931/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070351_All.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}