Editing Canadian dollar (section)

==Coins==
{{Main|Coins of the Canadian dollar}}
[[File:20060711 Monnaie Royale Canadienne à Winnipeg.jpg|thumb|The [[Royal Canadian Mint]] production facility in [[Winnipeg]]]]
Coins are produced by the [[Royal Canadian Mint]]'s facilities in [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], and [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], in denominations of 5¢ ([[nickel (Canadian coin)|nickel]]), 10¢ ([[dime (Canadian coin)|dime]]), 25¢ ([[quarter (Canadian coin)|quarter]]), 50¢ ([[50-cent piece (Canadian coin)|50¢ piece]]) (though the 50¢ piece is no longer distributed to banks and is only available directly from the mint, therefore seeing very little circulation), $1 ([[loonie]]), and $2 ([[toonie]]). The last 1¢ coin ([[penny (Canadian coin)|penny]]) to be minted in Canada was struck on May 4, 2012,<ref>{{cite news |title=Canada's Last Penny minted |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/canada-s-last-penny-minted-1.1134670 |access-date=May 28, 2012 |newspaper=CBC |date=May 4, 2012 |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904122048/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2012/05/04/mb-canada-last-penny-mint.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and distribution of the penny ceased on February 4, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canadian Penny Discontinued: Feb. 4 Marks The Official End Of Canada's Copper-Coloured Coin |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/02/01/canadian-penny-discontinued-february-4_n_2600127.html |access-date=June 28, 2013 |newspaper=Huffington Post Canada |date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=July 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720071505/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/02/01/canadian-penny-discontinued-february-4_n_2600127.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ever since, the price for a cash transaction is rounded to the nearest five cents. The penny continues to be legal tender, although it is only accepted as payment and is not given back as change.

The standard set of designs has Canadian symbols, usually wildlife, on the reverse, and an effigy of [[Charles III]] on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]]. A large number of pennies, nickels, and dimes are in circulation bearing the effigy of [[Elizabeth II]], and occasionally some depicting [[George VI]] can be found. It is also common for [[American dollar|American coins]] to be found among circulation due to the close proximity to the United States and the fact that the sizes and colours of the coins are similar. Commemorative coins with differing reverses are also issued on an irregular basis, most often quarters. 50¢ coins are rarely found in circulation; they are often collected and not regularly used in day-to-day transactions in most provinces.

===Coin history===
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2017}}
[[File:1871 Canadian 50 cents both.png|thumb|Engraving of a Canadian fifty-cent coin, issued in 1871]]
In 1858, bronze 1¢ and 0.925 silver 5¢, 10¢ and 20¢ coins were issued by the Province of Canada. Except for 1¢ coins struck in 1859, no more coins were issued until 1870, when production of the 5¢ and 10¢ was resumed and silver 25¢ and 50¢ were introduced. Between 1908 and 1919, [[gold sovereign|sovereigns]] (legal tender in Canada for ${{frac|4.86|2|3}}) were struck in Ottawa with a "C" mintmark.

Canada produced its first gold dollar coins in 1912 in the form of $5 and $10. These coins were produced from 1912 to 1914. The obverse carries an image of [[King George V]] and on the reverse is a shield with the arms of the Dominion of Canada. Gold from the [[Klondike River]] valley in the [[Yukon]] accounts for much of the gold in the coins.

Two years into the coin's production World War I began and production of the coins stopped in favour of tighter control over Canadian gold reserves. Most of the 1914 coins produced never reached circulation at the time and some were stored for more than 75 years until being sold off in 2012. The high quality specimens were sold to the public and the visually unappealing ones were melted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mint.ca/store/news/a-national-treasure-resurfaces-as-theroyal-canadian-mint-offers-rare-opportunity-to-own-canadas-first-gold-coins-crafted-with-pridefrom-19121914-17400003?cat=News+releases&nId=700002&parentnId=600004&nodeGroup=About+the+Mint |title=A National Treasure Resurfaces as the Royal Canadian Mint Offers Rare Opportunity to Own Canada's First Gold Coins, Crafted With Pride From 1912-1914 |website=www.mint.ca |access-date=December 15, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113911/http://www.mint.ca/store/news/a-national-treasure-resurfaces-as-theroyal-canadian-mint-offers-rare-opportunity-to-own-canadas-first-gold-coins-crafted-with-pridefrom-19121914-17400003?cat=News+releases&nId=700002&parentnId=600004&nodeGroup=About+the+Mint |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1920, the size of the 1¢ was reduced and the silver fineness of the 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ coins was reduced to 0.800 silver/.200 copper. This composition was maintained for the 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ piece through 1966, but the debasement of the 5¢ piece continued in 1922 with the silver 5¢ being entirely replaced by a larger nickel coin. In 1942, as a wartime measure, nickel was replaced by [[tombac]] in the 5¢ coin, which was changed in shape from round to [[dodecagonal]]. Chromium-plated steel was used for the 5¢ in 1944 and 1945 and between 1951 and 1954, after which nickel was readopted. The 5¢ returned to a round shape in 1963.
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Canada $0.05 1942.jpg
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| caption1          = Five-cent coin, issued 1942
| image2            = Canada $0.05 1964.jpg
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| caption2          = Five-cent coin, issued 1964
| footer            = Several Canadian coins, like the five-cent coin, underwent changes in composition and shape in the 20th century.
}}
In 1935, the 0.800 silver [[voyageur dollar]] was introduced. Production was maintained through 1967 with the exception of the war years between 1939 and 1945.

In 1967 both 0.800 silver/0.200 copper and, later that year, 0.500 silver/.500 copper 10¢ and 25¢ coins were issued. 1968 saw further debasement: the 0.500 fine silver dimes and quarters were completely replaced by nickel ones mid-year. All 1968 50¢ and $1 coins were reduced in size and coined only in pure nickel. Thus, 1968 marked the last year in which any circulating silver coinage was issued in Canada.

[[File:Canada's "Last Circulating Penny" on display at the Bank of Canada Museum.jpg|thumb|The last minted penny intended for circulation, produced at the [[Royal Canadian Mint]] in Winnipeg in 2012,<ref>{{ cite web | url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/last-canadian-penny-on-its-way-to-ottawa-currency-museum-1.805431 | title=Last Canadian penny on its way to Ottawa currency museum | first=John | last=Size | website=[[CTV News]] | date=May 4, 2012 | access-date=April 17, 2024 }}</ref> on display at the [[Bank of Canada Museum]] in Ottawa]]
In 1982, the 1¢ coin was changed to dodecagonal, and the 5¢ was further debased to a cupro-nickel alloy. In 1987 a $1 coin struck in aureate-plated nickel was introduced. A [[Bimetallic coins|bimetallic]] $2 coin followed in 1996. In 1997, copper-plated zinc replaced bronze in the 1¢, and it returned to a round shape. This was followed, in 2000, by the introduction of even cheaper plated-steel 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ coins, with the 1¢ plated in copper and the others plated in [[cupro-nickel]]. In 2012, the multi-ply plated-steel technology was introduced for $1 and $2 coins as well. Also in that year mintage of the 1¢ coin ceased and its withdrawal from circulation began in 2013.