Editing Calais (section)

==Geography and climate==
{{stack|float=right|
[[File:LondonCalaisParis.png|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Map showing Calais in relation to Dover, London and Paris]]
[[File:Map of Calais.png|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Map of Calais]]
}}
Calais is located on the [[Pas de Calais]], which marks the boundary between the [[English Channel]] and [[North Sea]] and located at the opposite end of the [[Channel Tunnel]], {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=off}}<ref name="Google Maps">{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@51.0924308,1.566016,72506m/data=!3m1!1e3 |title= |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> from [[Dover]]. On a clear day the [[White Cliffs of Dover]] can be viewed across the channel.<ref name="Anderson2008">{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZnSl8VTsDcC&pg=PA169 |title=Modern law of the sea: selected essays |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=2008 |isbn=978-90-04-15891-7 |page=169}}</ref> Aside from being an important port and boarding point between France and England, it is at the nucleus of many major railway and highway networks and connected by road to [[Arras]], [[Lens, Pas-de-Calais|Lens]], [[Béthune]] and [[Saint-Omer|St. Omer]]. [[Dunkirk]] is located about {{convert|37|km|0|abbr=on}} to the east.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance entre Dunkerque et Calais en voiture |url=https://frdistance.com/route/dunkerque/calais |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=frdistance.com |language=fr |archive-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193359/https://frdistance.com/route/dunkerque/calais |url-status=live }}</ref> Calais is located {{convert|236|km|0|abbr=on}} north of the French capital of [[Paris]], or around {{convert|295|km|0|abbr=on}} by car.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance entre Paris et Calais en voiture |url=https://frdistance.com/route/paris/calais |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=frdistance.com |language=fr |archive-date=4 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044626/https://frdistance.com/route/paris/calais |url-status=live }}</ref> The commune of Calais is bordered by the English channel to the north, [[Sangatte]] and [[Coquelles]] to the west, [[Coulogne]] to the south and [[Marck, Pas-de-Calais|Marck]] to the east. The core area of the city is divided into the Old Town area within the old city walls, and the younger suburbs of St. Pierre, which are connected by a boulevard.

Calais is part of the [[Côte d'Opale]] (Opal Coast), a cliff-lined section of northern French coast that parallels the [[White Cliffs of Dover|white cliffs]] on the British coast and is part of the same [[Formation (stratigraphy)|geological formation]]. It is known for its scenic [[cliff]]s such as [[Cape Blanc Nez]] and [[Cape Gris Nez]] and for its wide area of dunes. Many artists have been inspired by its landscapes, among them the composer [[Henri Dutilleux]], the writers [[Victor Hugo]] and [[Charles Dickens]], and the painters [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[Carolus-Duran]], [[Maurice Boitel]] and [[Eugène Boudin]]. It was the painter {{Interlanguage link|Édouard Lévêque|fr}} who coined the name for this area in 1911 to describe the distinctive quality of its light.<ref>''Le Touquet-Paris-Plage à l’aube de son nouveau siècle'', éditions Flandres-Artois-Côte d’Opale, 1982, p.22</ref>

Calais has a temperate [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]). Temperature ranges are moderate and the winters are cool with unstable weather. It rains on average about {{convert|700|to|800|mm|0|abbr=on}} per year.

{{Clear}}

{{Weather box
|location = Calais ([[Calais-Dunkerque Airport|CQF]]), elevation: {{convert|2|m|ft|0|abbr=on|}}, 1991–2010 normals, extremes 1991–present
|collapsed =
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 15.0
|Feb record high C = 18.6
|Mar record high C = 22.6
|Apr record high C = 25.5
|May record high C = 31.1
|Jun record high C = 34.0
|Jul record high C = 39.9
|Aug record high C = 35.7
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 27.6
|Nov record high C = 20.2
|Dec record high C = 17.0
|Jan high C = 7.4
|Feb high C = 8.2
|Mar high C = 10.4
|Apr high C = 13.3
|May high C = 16.4
|Jun high C = 19.2
|Jul high C = 21.7
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 19.3
|Oct high C = 15.3
|Nov high C = 10.9
|Dec high C = 7.4
|year high C = 14.3
|Jan mean C = 4.9
|Feb mean C = 5.4
|Mar mean C = 7.2
|Apr mean C = 9.3
|May mean C = 12.4
|Jun mean C = 15.1
|Jul mean C = 17.5
|Aug mean C = 17.8
|Sep mean C = 15.3
|Oct mean C = 11.9
|Nov mean C = 8.2
|Dec mean C = 4.9
|year mean C = 10.9
|Jan low C = 2.4
|Feb low C = 2.7
|Mar low C = 3.9
|Apr low C = 5.3
|May low C = 8.4
|Jun low C = 11.0
|Jul low C = 13.2
|Aug low C = 13.5
|Sep low C = 11.2
|Oct low C = 8.4
|Nov low C = 5.5
|Dec low C = 2.5
|year low C = 7.4
|Jan record low C = -14.0
|Feb record low C = -11.3
|Mar record low C = -5.9
|Apr record low C = -5.0
|May record low C = -0.4
|Jun record low C = 3.3
|Jul record low C = 4.9
|Aug record low C = 5.6
|Sep record low C = 0.9
|Oct record low C = -5.7
|Nov record low C = -7.1
|Dec record low C = -13.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 55.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 42.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 39.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 41.3
|May precipitation mm = 54.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 53.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 54.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 63.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 63.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 86.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 90.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 77.1
|year precipitation mm = 722.6
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11.0
|Feb precipitation days = 9.3
|Mar precipitation days = 8.8
|Apr precipitation days = 8.6
|May precipitation days = 9.1
|Jun precipitation days = 8.8
|Jul precipitation days = 8.4
|Aug precipitation days = 8.4
|Sep precipitation days = 10.1
|Oct precipitation days = 11.7
|Nov precipitation days = 13.3
|Dec precipitation days = 12.0
|year precipitation days = 119.0
|source 1 = [[Meteo France]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_62548002.pdf
| title = Calais-Marck (62)
| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = 14 February 2019
| archive-date = 27 July 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200727063412/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_62548002.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

}}

The commune of Calais is divided into 13 ''quartier''s :

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Quartier du Beau Marais (Calais)|Beau Marais]]
* [[Quartier du Cailloux (Calais)|Cailloux]]
* [[Quartier du Calais-Nord (Calais)|Calais-nord]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Quartier du Courgain Maritime|fr}}
* [[Quartier des Fontinettes (Calais)|Fontinettes]]
* [[Quartier du Fort-Nieulay (Calais)|Fort-Nieulay]]
* [[Quartier Gambetta (Calais)|Gambetta]]
* [[Quartier de Nouvelle-France (Calais)|Nouvelle-France]]
* [[Quartier de la Mi-Voix (Calais)|Mi-voix]]
* [[Quartier du Petit-Courgain (Calais)|Petit Courgain]]
* [[Quartier Plage (Calais)|Plage]]
* [[Quartier du Pont-du-Leu (Calais)|Pont-du-Leu]]
* [[Quartier Saint-Pierre (Calais)|Saint-Pierre]]
{{div col end}}