Editing Brown v. Board of Education (section)

===Deep South===
Texas Attorney General [[John Ben Shepperd]] organized a campaign to generate legal obstacles to the implementation of desegregation.<ref name=Howell>Howell, Mark C., John Ben Shepperd, Attorney General of the State of Texas: His Role in the Continuation of Segregation in Texas, 1953–1957, Master's Thesis, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, July 2003.</ref>

In September 1957, [[Arkansas]] governor [[Orval Faubus]] called out the [[Arkansas Army National Guard]] to block the entry of nine black students, later known as the "[[Little Rock Nine]]" after the desegregation of [[Little Rock Central High School]]. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] responded by asserting federal control over the Arkansas National Guard and deploying troops from the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]]'s [[101st Airborne Division]] stationed at [[Fort Campbell]] to ensure the black students could safely register for and attend classes.<ref>{{Cite web | series = Civil Rights Movement History & Timeline, 1957 | url = https://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis57.htm#1957lrsd | title = The Little Rock Nine | website = Civil Rights Movement Archive | access-date = 2023-02-23 | first = Bruce | last = Hartford | archive-date = June 8, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230608173602/https://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis57.htm#1957lrsd | url-status = live }}</ref>

Also in 1957, Florida's response was mixed. Its legislature passed an [[Interposition]] Resolution denouncing the decision and declaring it null and void. But [[Governor of Florida|Florida Governor]] [[LeRoy Collins]], though joining in the protest against the court decision, refused to sign it, arguing that the attempt to overturn the ruling must be done by legal methods.

In [[Mississippi]], fear of violence prevented any plaintiff from bringing a school desegregation suit for the next nine years.<ref>[[Michael Klarman]], [http://cdn.harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/vol127_klarman.pdf ''The Supreme Court, 2012 Term – Comment: Windsor and Brown: Marriage Equality and Racial Equality'' 127 Harv. L. Rev. 127, 153 (2013).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325210536/http://cdn.harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/vol127_klarman.pdf |date=March 25, 2015 }}</ref> When [[Medgar Evers]] sued in 1963 to desegregate schools in [[Jackson, Mississippi]], [[Citizens' Councils|White Citizens Council]] member [[Byron De La Beckwith]] murdered him.<ref>''Id.'' citing Klarman, ''From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality'' at 352–354 (2004).</ref> Two subsequent trials resulted in hung juries. Beckwith was not convicted of the murder until 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12874973081779579326|title=De La Beckwith v. State, 707 So. 2d 547 – Miss: Supreme Court 1997 – Google Scholar|access-date=April 30, 2015|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604210523/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12874973081779579326|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 1963, [[Alabama]] governor [[George Wallace]] personally blocked the door to the [[University of Alabama]]'s [[Foster Auditorium]] to prevent the enrollment of two black students in what became known as the "[[Stand in the Schoolhouse Door]]" incident.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement |series=Civil Rights Movement History 1963 (January–June) |url=https://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis63.htm#1963tuscaloosa |access-date=2023-02-23 |title=Standing In the Schoolhouse Door (June) |first=Bruce |last=Hartford |archive-date=June 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610154010/https://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis63.htm#1963tuscaloosa |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wallace Quotes|series=American Experience|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/wallace-quotes/|access-date=2023-02-23|website=www.pbs.org|year=2000|archive-date=February 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223035217/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/wallace-quotes/|url-status=live}}</ref> Wallace sought to  uphold his "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" promise he had given in his 1963 inaugural address. Wallace moved aside only when confronted by General [[Henry V. Graham]] of the [[Alabama National Guard]], whom President [[John F. Kennedy]] had ordered to intervene.

Native American communities were also heavily impacted by segregation laws with native children also being prohibited from attending white institutions.<ref name="kingcreek">{{cite web |last1=Bender |first1=Albert |title=Dr. King spoke out against the genocide of Native Americans |url=http://www.peoplesworld.org/article/dr-king-spoke-out-against-the-genocide-of-native-americans/ |website=People's World |access-date=25 November 2018 |date=February 13, 2014 |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625114956/https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/dr-king-spoke-out-against-the-genocide-of-native-americans/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Native American children considered light-complexioned were allowed to ride school buses to previously all white schools, while dark-skinned Native children from the same band were still barred from riding the same buses.<ref name="kingcreek"/> Tribal leaders, having learned about [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]'s desegregation campaign in Birmingham, Alabama, contacted him for assistance. King promptly responded to the tribal leaders and through his intervention the problem was quickly resolved.<ref name="kingcreek"/>