Editing Bolt action (section)

===Straight pull===
{{See also|List of straight pull rifles}}
[[File:Zamek dwutaktowy.png|thumb|Straight pull bolt scheme]]
[[File:Mann95 noBG.png|thumb|[[Mannlicher M1895|Mannlicher M95]]]]
[[File:Rifle Lee Navy 95.jpg|thumb|Lee Navy Model 1895]]
[[File:Heym SR 30 Straight Pull Bolt Action.jpg|thumb|[[Heym SR 30]] <small>(1998)</small>, straight pull action. Lock up is achieved by 6 ball bearings around the circumference of the bolt head. This mechanism was originally developed for biathlon rifles.]]
Straight-pull bolt-actions differ from conventional turn-pull bolt-action mechanisms in that the bolt can be cycled back and forward without rotating the handle and thus only a linear motion is required, as opposed to a traditional bolt-action, where the user has to axially rotate the bolt in addition to the linear motions to perform chambering and [[primary extraction]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/shot-2025-kudu-turns-any-bolt-action-into-a-straight-pull-44818690 | title=&#91;SHOT 2025&#93; Kudu Turns Any Bolt-Action into a Straight-Pull | date=25 January 2025 }}</ref> The bolt locking of a straight pull action is achieved differently without needing manual inputs, therefore the entire operating cycle needs the shooter to perform only two movements (pull back and push forward), instead of four movements (rotate up, pull back, push forward, and rotate down), this greatly increases the [[rate of fire]] of the gun.

In 1993, the German [[Blaser]] company introduced the [[Blaser R93]], a new straight pull action where locking is achieved by a series of concentric "claws" that protrude/retract from the bolthead, a design that is referred to as ''Radialbundverschluss'' ("radial connection"). As of 2017 the Rifle Shooter magazine<ref name="Holtam 2017">{{cite web | last=Holtam | first=Dominic | title=Straight pull rifles | website=Rifle Shooter | date=10 March 2017 | url=https://rifle-shooter.com/article/straight-pull-rifles-in-depth-analysis-of-three-popular-straight-pulls | access-date=26 June 2024 }}</ref> listed its successor [[Blaser R8]] as one of the three most popular straight pull rifles together with [[Merkel (firearms manufacturer)|Merkel]] Helix and [[Browning Arms Company|Browning]] Maral.<ref name="Gun Mart">{{cite web | title=Browning Maral / Straight-Pull Rifles Reviews | website=Gun Mart | url=https://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/browning_maral | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> Some other notable modern straight pull rifles are made by [[Beretta]],<ref>[https://www.all4shooters.com/en/hunting/rifles/beretta-brx1-hunting-straight-pull-repeater-video/ Beretta introduces the BRX1 hunting straight-pull repeater]</ref> [[C.G. Haenel]],<ref>[https://www.all4shooters.com/en/hunting/rifles/haenel-jaeger-nxt-straight-pull-repeater/ Premiere at Haenel: the new Jaeger NXT straight-pull repeater]</ref> [[Chapuis Armes|Chapuis]],<ref name="The Firearm Blog 2017">{{cite web | title=Chapuis Armes "ROLS": New Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifle – | website=The Firearm Blog | date=11 April 2017 | url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/04/11/chapuis-armes-rols-new-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifle/ | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> [[Heym (gun manufacturer)|Heym]],<ref name="UK 2010">{{cite web | last=UK | first=Shooting | title=Heym SR30 straight-pull rifle review review | website=Shooting UK | date=13 December 2010 | url=https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/rifle/heym-sr30-straight-pull-rifle-review | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> [[Lynx Rifles|Lynx]],<ref name="Sporting Rifle magazine 2016">{{cite web | title=Lynx 94 Review | website=Sporting Rifle magazine | date=18 July 2016 | url=https://www.sporting-rifle.com/reviews/lynx-94-review/ | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> [[Rößler (firearms manufacturer)|Rößler]],<ref name="Potts 2015">{{cite web | last=Potts | first=Bruce | title=Titan 16 straight-pull rifle review | website=Shooting UK | date=16 December 2015 | url=https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/rifle/titan-16-straight-pull-rifle | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> [[Savage Arms]],<ref>[https://www.all4shooters.com/en/hunting/rifles/savage-arms-impulse-straight-pull-carbine-video/ Brand new 2021: Savage Impulse, the new straight-pull rifle from the USA]</ref> Strasser,<ref name="Potts 2016">{{cite web | last=Potts | first=Bruce | title=Strasser RS Solo review | website=Shooting UK | date=2 November 2016 | url=https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/shotgun/strasser-rs-solo | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> and Steel Action.<ref name="H 2017">{{cite web | last=Hrachya| first=H. | title=German Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifles by Steel Action – | website=The Firearm Blog | date=7 June 2017 | url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/06/07/german-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifles-steel-action/ | access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>

Most straight bolt rifles have a firing mechanism without a [[Hammer (firearms)|hammer]],{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} but there are some hammer-fired models, such as the Merkel Helix. Firearms using a hammer usually have a comparably longer [[lock time]] than hammerless mechanisms.

In the sport of [[biathlon]], because shooting speed is an important performance factor and semi-automatic guns are illegal for race use, straight pull actions are quite common and are used almost exclusively in the [[Biathlon World Cup]]. The first company to make the straight pull action for [[.22 caliber]] was [[J. G. Anschütz]]; Peter Fortner junior designed the "Fortner Action",<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/DE3432537A1/en Patent DE3432537A1 (expired)]</ref><ref>[https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/006244637/publication/DE3432537A1?q=DE3432537A1 DE3432537A1 Repeater rifle, especially as a sporting rifle, such as for biathlon]</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Bracholdt, Claudia |title=This German invention is used in 95% of rifles in biathlon |url=https://qz.com/54254/this-german-invention-is-used-in-95-of-rifles-in-biathlons |website=Quartz |publisher=G/O Media |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218085335/https://qz.com/54254/this-german-invention-is-used-in-95-of-rifles-in-biathlons |archive-date=18 February 2013 |language=English |date=16 February 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> which was incorporated into the [[Anschütz 1827 Fortner]]. The Fortner action is specifically the straight-pull ball bearing lock action, which features spring-loaded ball bearings on the side of the bolt which lock into a groove inside the bolt's housing. With the new design came a new dry fire method; instead of the bolt being turned up slightly, the action is locked back to catch the firing pin. The action was later used in the centre-fire [[Heym SR 30]].