Editing Bluetongue disease (section)

===Vaccines===
Vaccination still represents an effective strategy for protecting ruminants against bluetongue. However, this is only possible with a vaccine that is effective against the relevant serotype. The most prevalent vaccines are live attenuated vaccines and killed or inactivated vaccines. Other potential vaccines include subunit vaccines, virus-like particles, DNA vaccines, disabled unfectious single animal vaccines (DISA), and disabled infectious single-cycle vaccines (DISC).<ref name="Saminathan_2020" /><ref name="Wageningen_University" />

Protection by live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are serotype specific. Multiserotype LAV cocktails can induce neutralizing antibodies against unincluded serotypes, and subsequent vaccinations with three different [[Pentavalent vaccine|pentavalent]] LAV cocktails induce broad protection. These pentavalent cocktails contain 15 different serotypes in total: serotypes 1 through 14, as well as 19.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van Rijn PA | title = Prospects of Next-Generation Vaccines for Bluetongue | journal = Frontiers in Veterinary Science | volume = 6 | pages = 407 | date = 2019-11-21 | pmid = 31824966 | pmc = 6881303 | doi = 10.3389/fvets.2019.00407 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Immunization with any of the available vaccines, though, precludes later serological monitoring of affected cattle populations, a problem that could be resolved using next-generation subunit vaccines.<ref name="ANDERSON_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson J, Hägglund S, Bréard E, Comtet L, Lövgren Bengtsson K, Pringle J, Zientara S, Valarcher JF | title = Evaluation of the immunogenicity of an experimental subunit vaccine that allows differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals against bluetongue virus serotype 8 in cattle | journal = Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 1115–1122 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23720365 | pmc = 3754508 | doi = 10.1128/CVI.00229-13 }}</ref>

In January 2015, the vaccine Raksha Blu was launched in India. It is designed to protect livestock against five strains of the bluetongue virus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/vaccine-for-bluetongue-disease-launched/article6770003.ece|title=Vaccine for bluetongue disease launched|author=Staff Reporter|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2015-01-08}}</ref>

The vaccine Syvazul BTV was authorized for veterinary use in the European Union in January 2019.<ref>{{cite web | title=Syvazul BTV EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=9 January 2019 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/syvazul-btv | access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref>

In January 2025, the [[Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products]] (CVMP) of the [[European Medicines Agency]] adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the veterinary medicinal product Bluevac-3, suspension for injection, intended for cattle and sheep.<ref name="Bluevac-3 EPAR" /> The applicant for this veterinary medicinal product is CZ Vaccines S.A.U.<ref name="Bluevac-3 EPAR" /> Bluevac-3 is a vaccine containing inactivated bluetongue virus, serotype 3, BTV-3/NET2023 as active substance.<ref name="Bluevac-3 EPAR" /> The vaccine is intended to stimulate the active immunity of sheep and cattle against bluetongue virus serotype 3.<ref name="Bluevac-3 EPAR">{{cite web | title=Bluevac-3 EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=15 January 2025 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/bluevac-3 | access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref> The CVMP also adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the veterinary medicinal product Syvazul BTV 3, suspension for injection, intended for sheep.<ref name="Syvazul BTV 3 EPAR" /> The applicant for this veterinary medicinal product is Laboratorios Syva S.A.<ref name="Syvazul BTV 3 EPAR" /> Syvazul BTV 3 is a vaccine containing Bluetongue virus, serotype 3, BTV-3/NET2023, inactivated as active substance.<ref name="Syvazul BTV 3 EPAR" /> It is intended for the active immunization of sheep against bluetongue virus serotype 3.<ref name="Syvazul BTV 3 EPAR">{{cite web | title=Syvazul BTV 3 EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=15 January 2025 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/syvazul-btv-3 | access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Two new vaccines against bluetongue recommended for approval | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 January 2025 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/two-new-vaccines-against-bluetongue-recommended-approval | access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref>