Editing Białystok (section)

===Climate===
The city has a warm-summer [[humid continental climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb: Mild to Cool summer subtype|humid continental]] or [[hemiboreal]] climate (''Dfb'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system under the {{convert|0|°C|0|abbr=on}} isotherm for the average temperature of the coldest month, or an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'') if the {{convert|-3|°C|0|abbr=on}} isotherm is used. The city would have been classified as being in the ''Dfb'' zone regardless of the accepted isotherm for [[climatological normal]]s as recent as 1981–2010,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-04-06|title=Średnie i sumy miesięczne|url=https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Dane meteorologiczne|language=pl-PL|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121041540/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/|url-status=live}}</ref> but as a consequence of [[Climate change in Poland|climate change]], the winters have warmed up so that the climate in the city may be classified as oceanic. Białystok is one of the coldest cities in Poland by annual temperature and one with the climate having the most continental characteristics, as is the case for much of north-eastern Poland, with the mean yearly temperature of {{convert|7.7|°C|0|abbr=on}} and the length of the [[growing season]] amounting to 205 days, shorter than elsewhere in Poland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Górniak|first=Andrzej|url=https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/12295/1/A_Gorniak_Klimat_wojewodztwa_podlaskiego.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206082236/https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/11320/12295/1/A_Gorniak_Klimat_wojewodztwa_podlaskiego.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-06 |url-status=live|title=Klimat województwa podlaskiego w czasie globalnego ocieplenia|publisher=Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku|year=2021|isbn=978-83-7431-694-1|location=Białystok|language=pl}}</ref>

While winters are rather mild compared to other cities on the similar latitude, such as [[Samara]], [[Barnaul]], or [[Edmonton]], they are colder than in [[Western Europe]] (in cities like [[Bremen]] and [[Dublin]]). Winters usually have little sunshine, with weather patterns changing from those influenced by the [[Low Pressure Systems|low-pressure systems]] generated by the [[Icelandic Low]] (when the weather is often cloudy, cool, damp, rainy and/or snowy) to the occasional intrusions of cold air masses from [[Siberia]] or the [[Arctic]] ([[Siberian High]]), which, due to the city's northeasterly location, are more frequent than in other parts of Poland.<ref name=":0" /> Winters thus tend to be several degrees colder than elsewhere in Poland.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Mapy klimatu Polski - Portal Klimat IMGW-PiB|url=https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-maps/#Mean_Temperature/Seasonal/1991-2020/1/Winter|access-date=2022-02-12|website=klimat.imgw.pl|archive-date=2022-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212141859/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-maps/#Mean_Temperature/Seasonal/1991-2020/1/Winter|url-status=live}}</ref> Freezing conditions below {{convert|-20|°C|0|abbr=on}} are possible in winter but are rare.<ref name=":1" /> Snow cover is present on the ground for more than half of winter. Summers tend to be warm, sunny and pleasant and are occasionally hot, but they are still a little cooler than in most of Poland.<ref name=":2" /> More rain falls in summer months than in any other period of the year.

The centre of Białystok, as most urban areas, experiences the [[urban heat island effect]], therefore for most of the time, the city is warmer than the surrounding countryside. The temperatures in the city centre are, on average, {{Convert|2.3|C-change|F-change|abbr=on}} higher than in the surrounding villages, with greater differences at night and during the warmer half of the year, particularly in spring.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Czubaszek|first1=Robert|last2=Wysocka-Czubaszek|first2=Agnieszka|date=2016|title=URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN BIAŁYSTOK|url=http://www.journalssystem.com/jeeng/URBAN-HEAT-ISLAND-IN-BIALYSTOK,63323,0,2.html|journal=Journal of Ecological Engineering|volume=17|issue=3|pages=60–65|doi=10.12911/22998993/63323|issn=2299-8993|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Białystok (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 15.9
| Feb record high C = 16.4
| Mar record high C = 21.8
| Apr record high C = 29.3
| May record high C = 31.7
| Jun record high C = 32.8
| Jul record high C = 36.0
| Aug record high C = 35.2
| Sep record high C = 33.6
| Oct record high C = 25.4
| Nov record high C = 18.5
| Dec record high C = 13.8
| year record high C = 36.0
| Jan avg record high C = 6.3
| Feb avg record high C = 8.2
| Mar avg record high C = 15.4
| Apr avg record high C = 23.2
| May avg record high C = 27.0
| Jun avg record high C = 29.4
| Jul avg record high C = 30.9
| Aug avg record high C = 30.8
| Sep avg record high C = 25.9
| Oct avg record high C = 20.1
| Nov avg record high C = 13.2
| Dec avg record high C = 7.6
| year avg record high C = 32.4
| Jan high C = -0.4
| Feb high C = 1.1
| Mar high C = 6.1
| Apr high C = 13.6
| May high C = 19.2
| Jun high C = 22.2
| Jul high C = 24.3
| Aug high C = 23.7
| Sep high C = 18.1
| Oct high C = 11.7
| Nov high C = 5.2
| Dec high C = 1.0
| year high C = 12.2
| Jan mean C = -2.8
| Feb mean C = -1.9
| Mar mean C = 1.7
| Apr mean C = 7.9
| May mean C = 13.1
| Jun mean C = 16.4
| Jul mean C = 18.4
| Aug mean C = 17.5
| Sep mean C = 12.6
| Oct mean C = 7.4
| Nov mean C = 2.7
| Dec mean C = -1.2
| year mean C = 7.7
| Jan low C = -5.4
| Feb low C = -4.9
| Mar low C = -2.4
| Apr low C = 2.2
| May low C = 6.8
| Jun low C = 10.3
| Jul low C = 12.6
| Aug low C = 11.6
| Sep low C = 7.7
| Oct low C = 3.6
| Nov low C = 0.2
| Dec low C = -3.6
| year low C = 3.2
| Jan avg record low C = -18.5
| Feb avg record low C = -16.3
| Mar avg record low C = -11.1
| Apr avg record low C = -5.0
| May avg record low C = -0.7
| Jun avg record low C = 3.8
| Jul avg record low C = 6.9
| Aug avg record low C = 5.3
| Sep avg record low C = 0.1
| Oct avg record low C = -5.1
| Nov avg record low C = -8.3
| Dec avg record low C = -14.7
| year avg record low C = -21.8
| Jan record low C = -35.4
| Feb record low C = -32.9
| Mar record low C = -24.0
| Apr record low C = -8.3
| May record low C = -4.5
| Jun record low C = -0.2
| Jul record low C = 4.2
| Aug record low C = 0.2
| Sep record low C = -5.1
| Oct record low C = -11.2
| Nov record low C = -20.7
| Dec record low C = -29.3
| year record low C = -35.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 33.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 31.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 34.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 37.7
| May precipitation mm = 69.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 65.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 86.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 69.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 56.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 47.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 39.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 39.9
| year precipitation mm = 610.2
| Jan snow depth cm = 10.2
| Feb snow depth cm = 10.9
| Mar snow depth cm = 7.5
| Apr snow depth cm = 2.2
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0.5
| Nov snow depth cm = 3.5
| Dec snow depth cm = 5.5
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 16.50
| Feb precipitation days = 14.91
| Mar precipitation days = 14.17
| Apr precipitation days = 11.23
| May precipitation days = 12.67
| Jun precipitation days = 13.27
| Jul precipitation days = 14.53
| Aug precipitation days = 11.70
| Sep precipitation days = 11.83
| Oct precipitation days = 12.97
| Nov precipitation days = 15.23
| Dec precipitation days = 16.00
| year precipitation days = 165.01
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 19.6
| Feb snow days = 17.8
| Mar snow days = 10.0
| Apr snow days = 1.3
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.6
| Nov snow days = 5.0
| Dec snow days = 14.4
| year snow days = 68.7
| Jan humidity = 88.4
| Feb humidity = 85.1
| Mar humidity = 77.8
| Apr humidity = 69.8
| May humidity = 71.2
| Jun humidity = 73.1
| Jul humidity = 75.4
| Aug humidity = 77.2
| Sep humidity = 82.5
| Oct humidity = 85.5
| Nov humidity = 90.0
| Dec humidity = 90.4
| year humidity = 80.5
| Jan sun = 38.1
| Feb sun = 57.4
| Mar sun = 122.1
| Apr sun = 185.7
| May sun = 254.1
| Jun sun = 259.3
| Jul sun = 256.9
| Aug sun = 250.5
| Sep sun = 161.8
| Oct sun = 102.1
| Nov sun = 38.4
| Dec sun = 28.9
| year sun = 1755.3
| Jan dew point C = -5
| Feb dew point C = -5
| Mar dew point C = -2
| Apr dew point C = 2
| May dew point C = 8
| Jun dew point C = 11
| Jul dew point C = 14
| Aug dew point C = 13
| Sep dew point C = 10
| Oct dew point C = 5
| Nov dew point C = 2
| Dec dew point C = -2
| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020),<ref name=recordhigh>{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tx&max_empty=3
| title = Białystok Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022
| archive-date = 23 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044739/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tx&max_empty=3
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name=recordlow>{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| title = Białystok Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022
| archive-date = 23 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044742/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name=relativehumidity>{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=rh&max_empty=3
| title = Białystok Średnia wilgotność
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022
| archive-date = 23 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044746/https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353230295&par=rh&max_empty=3
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/poland/bialystok/climate
| title = Climate & Weather Averages in Białystok
| publisher = Time and Date
| access-date = 24 July 2022
| archive-date = 24 July 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220724075436/https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/poland/bialystok/climate
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| width = 100%
| collapsed = y
| open = 
| metric first = yes
| single line = y
| location = Białystok ([[Dojlidy]]), elevation: 148 m, 1961-1990 normals and extremes
| Jan record high C = 10.9
| Feb record high C = 16.4
| Mar record high C = 21.8
| Apr record high C = 27.4
| May record high C = 30.1
| Jun record high C = 32.4
| Jul record high C = 34.8
| Aug record high C = 34.6
| Sep record high C = 29.8
| Oct record high C = 25.4
| Nov record high C = 16.8
| Dec record high C = 13.8
| Jan record low C = -35.4
| Feb record low C = -32.9
| Mar record low C = -24.0
| Apr record low C = -8.3
| May record low C = -4.5
| Jun record low C = 0.7
| Jul record low C = 5.0
| Aug record low C = 0.2
| Sep record low C = -5.1
| Oct record low C = -9.9
| Nov record low C = -20.7
| Dec record low C = -26.2
| Jan mean C = -4.8
| Feb mean C = -3.8
| Mar mean C = 0.2
| Apr mean C = 6.7
| May mean C = 12.9
| Jun mean C = 16.1
| Jul mean C = 17.3
| Aug mean C = 16.3
| Sep mean C = 12.0
| Oct mean C = 7.2
| Nov mean C = 2.2
| Dec mean C = -2.1
| Jan high C = -2.2
| Feb high C = -0.6
| Mar high C = 4.4
| Apr high C = 12.0
| May high C = 18.4
| Jun high C = 21.5
| Jul high C = 22.6
| Aug high C = 22.1
| Sep high C = 17.4
| Oct high C = 11.5
| Nov high C = 4.6
| Dec high C = 0.2
| Jan low C = -7.7
| Feb low C = -6.8
| Mar low C = -3.4
| Apr low C = 1.9
| May low C = 7.0
| Jun low C = 10.2
| Jul low C = 11.7
| Aug low C = 11.1
| Sep low C = 7.6
| Oct low C = 3.6
| Nov low C = -0.1
| Dec low C = -4.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 35
| Feb precipitation mm = 26
| Mar precipitation mm = 31
| Apr precipitation mm = 36
| May precipitation mm = 56
| Jun precipitation mm = 74
| Jul precipitation mm = 80
| Aug precipitation mm = 70
| Sep precipitation mm = 52
| Oct precipitation mm = 46
| Nov precipitation mm = 46
| Dec precipitation mm = 40
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.8
| Feb precipitation days = 7.0
| Mar precipitation days = 7.9
| Apr precipitation days = 7.7
| May precipitation days = 9.5
| Jun precipitation days = 9.9
| Jul precipitation days = 10.0
| Aug precipitation days = 8.9
| Sep precipitation days = 8.7
| Oct precipitation days = 8.4
| Nov precipitation days = 9.7
| Dec precipitation days = 10.1
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name = noaa>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/PL/12295.TXT
| title = Bialystok (12295) - WMO Weather Station
| access-date = 27 December 2018
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref>
}}
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table = Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Białystok.tab
| title = Białystok temperature
}}