Editing Belo Horizonte (section)

==Demographics==
[[File:Praça João Pessoa, Belo Horizonte 01.jpg|thumb|right|João Pessoa Square in Belo Horizonte.]]
{{see also|Brazilians|Demographics of Brazil|Immigration to Brazil}}

===Ethnic groups===
{{bar box
|title    = Race and ethnicity in Belo Horizonte 
|width    = 287px
|titlebar = #ddd
|left1    = Ethnicity
|right1   = Percentage
|float    = left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[White Brazilian|White]]|blue|43.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]])|#009000|42.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Black Brazilian|Black]]|#9955BB|13.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Asian Brazilian|Asian]]|yellow|0.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]]|red|0.1}}
}}
{{Historical populations|25=1970|26=1235030|27=1980|28=1780839|29=1991|30=2020161|31=2000|32=2238526|33=2010|34=2375151|35=2022|36=2315560|footnote=Source:<ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|lang=pt}}</ref>}}According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 census]], there were 2,315,560 people residing in the city of Belo Horizonte.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 – Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/}}</ref> The census revealed the following numbers: 1,008,878 [[White Brazilian|White]] people (43.6%), 986,302 [[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]]) people (42.6%), 312,920 [[Afro-Brazilian|Black]] people (13.5%), 4,881 [[Asian Brazilian|Asian]] people (0.2%), 2,486 [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]] people (0.1%).<ref name=":0" />

In 2010, the city had 428,893 opposite-sex couples and 1,090 [[same-sex couple]]s. The population of Belo Horizonte was 53.1% female and 46.9% male.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web |title=IBGE :: Censo 2010 |url=http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145708/http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn |archive-date=May 14, 2012 |access-date=2012-11-16 |website=Censo2010.ibge.gov.br}}</ref>

The Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, called [[Greater Belo Horizonte]], is the [[List of largest cities in Brazil|3rd most populous of Brazil]], after only [[Greater São Paulo]] (with 19,672,582 people, first in Brazil and [[List of metropolitan areas by population|5th in the world]]) and [[Rio de Janeiro|Greater Rio de Janeiro]] (with 14,387,000 people). The city is the [[List of largest cities in Brazil|6th most populous of the country]].

During the 18th century, Minas Gerais received many [[Portuguese Brazilian|Portuguese]] immigrants, mainly from [[Northern Portugal]] as well as many enslaved Africans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asminasgerais.com.br/?item=CONTEUDO&codConteudoRaiz=88&codConteudoAtual=165 |title=Portuguese immigration |website=Asminasgerais.com.br |date=February 19, 2002 |access-date=2011-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820085916/http://www.asminasgerais.com.br/?item=CONTEUDO&codConteudoRaiz=88&codConteudoAtual=165 |archive-date=August 20, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Belo Horizonte has a notable [[Italian Brazilian|Italian influence]]; around 30% of the city's population have some [[Italian Brazilian|Italian origin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insieme.com.br/portal/conteudo.php?sid=226&cid=1467&parent=0 |title=Italian origin in BH |website=Insieme.com.br |access-date=2011-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706153130/http://www.insieme.com.br/portal/conteudo.php?sid=226&cid=1467&parent=0 |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> The [[Italian culture]] is present in the cuisine, dance, and language.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmbh.mg.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23501&Itemid=367&filter=&nj=1 |title=Italian Culture in BH |website=Cmbh.mg.gov.br |date=April 29, 2008 |access-date=2011-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107195925/http://www.cmbh.mg.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23501&Itemid=367&filter=&nj=1 |archive-date=January 7, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> People of [[German Brazilian|German]], [[Spanish Brazilian|Spanish]], [[French Brazilian|French]], and [[Arab Brazilian|Syrian-Lebanese]] ancestries also make up sizeable groups.

===Religion===
[[File:Paróquia_Nossa_Senhora_da_Boa_Viagem_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Our Lady of Good Voyage Cathedral, Belo Horizonte|Our Lady of Good Voyage Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte]].]]

{{see also|Religion in Brazil|Protestantism in Brazil|Roman Catholic Church in Brazil}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Religion
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Percentage
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Number
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Catholic]]
|59.87%
|1,422,084
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Protestant]]
|25.06%
|595,244
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Irreligion in Brazil|No religion]]
|8.02%
|190,414
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritist]]
|4.07%
|96,639
|}

''Source: [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&z=cd&o=7&i=P |title=Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática&nbsp;– SIDRA |website=Sidra.ibge.gov.br |access-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150323020023/http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&i=P&nome=on&qtu8=137&qtu14=3&notarodape=on&tab=2094&opn8=0&opn14=0&unit=0&pov=3&poc133=2&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=2&nivt=0&orc86=3&orp=5&qtu3=27&qtu13=47&opv=1&poc86=1&opc133=1&pop=1&opn2=0&opn15=0&orv=2&orc133=4&qtu2=5&qtu15=3&sev=93&sev=1000093&opc86=1&sec133=95263&sec133=100430&sec133=2803&sec133=95277&sec133=95264&sec133=100403&sec133=100404&sec133=100405&sec133=99741&sec133=100406&sec133=100407&sec133=99743&sec133=100408&sec133=95265&sec133=100409&sec133=99746&sec133=100410&sec133=100411&sec133=99745&sec133=100412&sec133=100413&sec133=100414&sec133=100415&sec133=12881&sec133=12882&sec133=99748&sec133=100416&sec133=100417&sec133=100418&sec133=100419&sec133=95266&sec133=121096&sec133=12891&sec133=100420&sec133=100421&sec133=100422&sec133=100423&sec133=2824&sec133=95267&sec133=2826&sec133=2827&sec133=2829&sec133=2828&sec133=12883&sec133=100424&sec133=100425&sec133=95269&sec133=100427&sec133=100428&sec133=100429&sec133=95270&sec133=100426&sec133=95273&sec133=95274&sec133=95275&sec133=2836&sec133=12884&sec133=12885&sec133=12886&sec133=12887&sec133=12888&sec133=12889&sec133=95276&sec133=12890&sec133=2837&opp=f1&opn3=0&qtu6=5565&opn13=0&sec86=0&ascendente=on&sep=38559&orn=1&qtu7=36&pon=2&qtu9=558&opn6=3&digt6=Fortaleza&OpcCara=44&proc=1&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&opn7=0&decm=99 |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''

The [[Catholic Church]] includes the territory of the municipality of Belo Horizonte and 28 other municipalities in the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte|Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte]], which has [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Divinópolis|Divinópolis]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Luz|Luz]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Oliveira|Oliveira]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sete Lagoas|Sete Lagoas]] as suffragan dioceses. The archbishop's see is in the [[Our Lady of Good Voyage Cathedral, Belo Horizonte|Cathedral of Our Lady of Boa Viagem]]. Some of the churches in Belo Horizonte have great artistic value, especially the [[Church of Saint Francis of Assisi|Church of São Francisco de Assis]], in [[Pampulha (Belo Horizonte)|Pampulha]]. The church's architectural design was by [[Oscar Niemeyer]] and its structural calculations were by [[Joaquim Cardozo|Joaquim Cardoso]]. Its interior houses the Stations of the Cross, made up of fourteen panels by [[Candido Portinari|Cândido Portinari]], considered one of his most significant works. The external panels are by Cândido Portinari (figurative panel) and Paulo Werneck (abstract panel). The gardens were designed by [[Roberto Burle Marx|Burle Marx]]. [[Alfredo Ceschiatti]] sculpted the bronze bas-reliefs in the baptistery. Other shrines worth mentioning are the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes, Belo Horizonte|Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes]] with its [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-Gothic]] style, in the Lourdes neighborhood; the [[São José Church|Church of São José]], in the [[Centro, Belo Horizonte|hypercenter]] and the Church of São Judas Tadeu, in the Graça neighborhood. The Catholic Church recognizes Our Lady of Boa Viagem as the city's [[Patron saint|patron]] saint.<ref>{{Cite web |last=belohorizonte.net.br |title=belohorizonte.net.br {{!}} Guia de empresas e serviços em Belo Horizonte |url=https://www.belohorizonte.net.br/ |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=belohorizonte.net.br |language=pt}}</ref>

===Human development===
[[File:Praca_da_Liberdade_BH_17_Jan_2019_02.jpg|thumb|[[Savassi]] is a developed neighbourhood in Belo Horizonte.]]

In 1993, under mayor Patrus Ananias de Souza, the city started a series of innovations based on its citizens having the "[[right to food]]." These include, for example, creating [[farmers' market]]s in the town to enable direct sales and regularly surveying market prices and posting the results across the city.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.alternatives.ca/auteur/cecilia-rocha?lang=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110728120641/http://www.alternatives.ca/auteur/cecilia-rocha?lang=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-07-28|title=Belo Horizonte: The Beautiful Horizon of Community Food Sovereignty|publisher=Alternatives International Journal|location=Quebec, Canada|access-date=2009-11-10|year=2008|author=Wayne Roberts and Cecilia Rocha}}</ref> The city's process of [[participatory budgeting]] was linked with these innovations, as a result of which the [[infant mortality rate]] was reduced by 50% in a decade.<ref>FRANCIS MOORE LAPPÉ, ''Yes Magazine,'' January 29, 2019. [https://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/food-everyone/2019/01/29/this-city-made-access-to-food-a-right-of-citizenship The City that ended hunger]. [Reprint of original, from March 2009]</ref><ref name="thesis">M. Jahi Chappell, 2018, ''[https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520293090/beginning-to-end-hunger Beginning to end hunger: Food and the environment in Belo Horizonte, Brazil and beyond]''. Berkeley: University of California Press.</ref>

There is some evidence that these programs have helped support a higher quality of life for the local farmers partnering with the city and that this may be having positive effects on biodiversity in the Atlantic rainforest around the city.<ref name="thesis" /><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.ryerson.ca/foodsecurity/publications/papers/UrbanFoodPolicy.pdf |title=Urban Food Policies and Rural Sustainability: How the Municipal Government of Belo Horizonte, Brazil is Promoting Rural Sustainability |publisher=Centre for Studies in Food Security, and Department of Nutrition, Ryerson University |location=Toronto, Canada |access-date=2009-11-10 |year=2003 |author=Cecilia Rocha and Adriana Aranha |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090625191507/http://www.ryerson.ca/foodsecurity/publications/papers/UrbanFoodPolicy.pdf |archive-date= June 25, 2009 }}</ref> The city's development of these policies garnered the first "Future Policy Award" in 2009, awarded by the [[World Future Council]], a group of 50 activists (including [[Frances Moore Lappé]], [[Vandana Shiva]], [[Wes Jackson]], and [[Youssou N'Dour]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/the_councillors.html |title=Councillors |publisher=The World Future Council |access-date=2011-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523063243/http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/the_councillors.html |archive-date=May 23, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) concerned with the development and recognition of policies to promote a just and sustainable future.

The city has undertaken an internationally heralded project called Vila Viva ("Living Village" in Portuguese) that promises to "urbanize" the poorest areas (''[[favela]]s''), relocating families from areas with high risk of floods and landslides but keeping them in the same neighborhood, paving main avenues to allow public transportation, police and postal service to have access. All the work is done with 80% of locals, reducing unemployment and increasing family income.<ref name="mayor">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldmayor.com/manifestos05/belohorizonte_05.html |title=Belo Horizonte Mayor Fernando Damata Pimentel: A program of financial efficiency and social boldness |website=Worldmayor.com |access-date=2011-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514220216/http://www.worldmayor.com/manifestos05/belohorizonte_05.html |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.favelaeissoai.com.br/noticias.php?cod=59 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20101128030815/http://www.favelaeissoai.com.br/noticias.php?cod=59 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-11-28 |language=pt |title=Favela é isso ai |website=Favelaeissoai.com.br |date=January 18, 2010 |access-date=2011-04-17 }}</ref> Former mayor [[Fernando da Mata Pimentel]] was nominated for [[World Mayor]] in 2005 on the strength of these and other programs.<ref name="mayor"/>