Editing Base (chemistry) (section)

== Solid bases ==
Examples of solid bases include:
* Oxide mixtures: SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; MgO, SiO<sub>2</sub>; CaO, SiO<sub>2</sub><ref name=Tanabe>{{cite book |last1=Tanabe |first1=Kozo |title=Solid Acids and Bases: their catalytic properties |publisher=Academic Press |year=1970 |page=2 |isbn=9780323160582 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFfBYuHg4vAC&pg=PP1 |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008015036/https://books.google.com/books?id=tFfBYuHg4vAC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mounted bases: LiCO<sub>3</sub> on silica; NR<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, KNH<sub>2</sub> on alumina; NaOH, KOH mounted on silica on alumina<ref name="Tanabe"/>
* Inorganic chemicals: BaO, KNaCO<sub>3</sub>, BeO, MgO, CaO, KCN<ref name="Tanabe"/>
* Anion exchange resins<ref name="Tanabe"/>
*Charcoal that has been treated at 900 degrees Celsius or activates with N<sub>2</sub>O, NH<sub>3</sub>, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>Cl-CO<sub>2</sub><ref name="Tanabe"/>

Depending on a solid surface's ability to successfully form a conjugate base by absorbing an electrically neutral acid, basic strength of the surface is determined.<ref name="books.google.com"/> The "number of basic sites per unit surface area of the solid" is used to express how much basic strength is found on a solid base catalyst.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Scientists have developed two methods to measure the amount of basic sites: one, titration with benzoic acid using indicators and gaseous acid adsorption.<ref name="books.google.com"/> A solid with enough basic strength will absorb an electrically neutral acidic indicator and cause the acidic indicator's color to change to the color of its conjugate base.<ref name="books.google.com"/> When performing the gaseous acid adsorption method, [[nitric oxide]] is used.<ref name="books.google.com"/> The basic sites are then determined by calculating the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed.<ref name="books.google.com"/>