Editing Barcelona (section)

=== The Spanish Civil War and the Franco period ===
[[File:RepublicanWoman1936GTaro.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Woman training for a Republican militia]]'' by [[Gerda Taro]], [[Somorrostro|Somorrostro beach]] (1936)]]
[[File:Government of the Republican Spain in Barcelona. 2.jpg|thumb|Barcelona was the capital of the [[Second Spanish Republic|Republic of Spain]] from November 1937 until January 1939.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/museuhistoria/es/publicaciones/juan-negrin-1892-1956-barcelona-capital-de-la-republica |title=Juan Negrín 1892–1956. Barcelona, capital de la República |author=MHCB, City Council of Barcelona, Institute of Culture, SECC |year=2006 |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-96411-13-3 |access-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418092952/http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/museuhistoria/es/publicaciones/juan-negrin-1892-1956-barcelona-capital-de-la-republica |archive-date=18 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Historia mínima de Cataluña |location=Madrid |publisher=Turner Publicaciones S.L. |isbn=978-84-16142-08-8 |author=Canal, Jordi |year=2015}}</ref> During that [[Spanish Civil War]] period, both Barcelona and Madrid were still under the rule of the republic. In the image [[Manuel Azaña|Azaña]] and [[Juan Negrín|Negrín]] on the city outskirts.]]
Shortly after the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic, in 1931, it became the capital of the [[Autonomous Region of Catalonia (1931–1939)|autonomous region of Catalonia]]. During the [[Spanish Civil War]], the city, and Catalonia in general, were resolutely Republican. Many enterprises and public services were [[Collective ownership|collectivized]] by the [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] and UGT unions. As the power of the Republican government and the Generalitat diminished, much of the city was under the effective control of anarchist groups. The anarchists lost control of the city to their own allies, the Communists and official government troops, after the street fighting of the Barcelona [[May Days]]. The [[Fall of Barcelona (1939)|fall of the city]] on 26 January 1939, caused a mass exodus of civilians who fled to the French border. The resistance of Barcelona to [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s ''coup d'état'' was to have lasting effects after the defeat of the Republican government. The autonomous institutions of [[Catalonia]] were abolished,<ref>Decree of 5 April 1938.</ref> and the use of the [[Catalan language]] in public life was suppressed. Barcelona remained the second largest city in Spain, at the heart of a region which was relatively industrialized and prosperous, despite the devastation of the civil war. The result was a large-scale immigration from poorer regions of Spain (particularly [[Andalusia]], [[Murcia]] and [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]), which in turn led to rapid urbanization.