Editing Baikonur Cosmodrome (section)

===Buran facilities===
{{main|Buran programme}}
As part of the [[Buran programme]], several facilities were adapted or newly built for the Buran-class space shuttle orbiters:

* [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 110|Site 110]] – Used for the launch of the Buran-class orbiters. Like the assembly and processing hall at Site 112, the launch complex was originally constructed for the [[Soviet crewed lunar programs|Soviet lunar landing program]] and later converted for the Energia-Buran program.
* Site 112 – Used for orbiter maintenance and to mate the orbiters to their [[Energia (rocket)|Energia]] launchers (thus fulfilling a role similar to the [[Vehicle Assembly Building|VAB]] at [[Kennedy Space Center|KSC]]). The main hangar at the site, called MIK RN or MIK 112, was originally built for the assembly of the [[N1 (rocket)|N1 Moon rocket]]. After cancellation of the N-1 program in 1974, the facilities at Site 112 were converted for the Energia-Buran program. It was here that [[1.01 (Buran-class spacecraft)|orbiter 1K]] was stored after the end of the Buran program and was destroyed when the hangar roof collapsed in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_112.html|title=Energia-Buran processing complex at Site 112 and 112A|access-date=2 August 2016|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706112853/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_112.html|archive-date=6 July 2015|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-fin.php|title=Buran The end|access-date=2 August 2016|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905191348/http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-fin.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Site 251 – Used as Buran orbiter landing facility, also known as Yubileyniy Airfield (and fulfilling a role similar to the [[Shuttle Landing Facility|SLF]] at [[Kennedy Space Center|KSC]]). It features one runway, called 06/24, which is {{convert|4500|m}} long and {{convert|84|m}} wide, paved with "Grade 600" high quality reinforced concrete. At the edge of the runway were two special [[Mate-Demate Device|mate–demate devices]]; PUA-100 was designed to lift Buran orbiters and complete Energia stages onto the [[Antonov An-225 Mriya]] carrier aircraft and the smaller PKU-50 was used with the [[Myasishchev VM-T|Myasishchev VM-T Atlant]] and incomplete orbiters or segments of the Energia core stage. After arrival on one of the transport aircraft, an orbiter was loaded onto a transporter, which would carry the orbiter to the processing building at Site 254.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hendrickx |first1=Bart |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/153582339 |title=Energiya-Buran: the Soviet space shuttle |last2=Vis |first2=Bert |date=2007 |publisher=Springer; Published in association with Praxis Pub |isbn=978-0-387-69848-9 |series=Springer-Praxis books in space exploration |location=Berlin; New York; Chichester, UK |oclc=153582339}}</ref> A purpose-built orbiter landing control facility, housed in a large multi-store office building, was located near the runway. Yubileyniy Airfield was also used to receive heavy transport planes carrying elements of the Energia-Buran system. After the end of the Buran program, Site 251 was abandoned but later reopened as a commercial cargo airport. Besides serving Baikonur, Kazakh authorities also use it for passenger and charter flights from Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_251.html|title=Buran landing facility at Site 251 in Baikonur|access-date=2 August 2016|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225010245/http://russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_251.html|archive-date=25 February 2015|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ourairports.com/airports/UAON/pilot-info.html|title=UAON pilot info @ OurAirports|access-date=2 August 2016|archive-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318230945/http://ourairports.com/airports/UAON/pilot-info.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Site 254 – Built to service the Buran-class orbiters between flights (thus fulfilling a role similar to the [[Orbiter Processing Facility|OPF]] at [[Kennedy Space Center|KSC]]). Constructed in the 1980s as a special four-bay building, it also featured a large processing area flanked by several floors of test rooms. After cancellation of the Buran program it was adapted for pre-launch operations of the [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] and [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress]] spacecraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_254.html|title=Buran processing facility at Site 254 in Baikonur |access-date=2 August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809030907/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_energia_254.html|archive-date=9 August 2015|df=dmy}}</ref>