Editing Bagpipes (section)

=== Spread and development in Europe ===
[[File:Santes Creus Bagpiper.JPG|thumb|left|Medieval bagpiper at the [[Cistercian]] monastery of [[Santes Creus]], Catalonia, Spain]]
[[File:The Image of Irelande - plate02.jpg|right|thumb|''Image of Irelande'', Military use of the bagpipe dated 1581]]

In the early part of the second millennium, representation of bagpipes began to appear with frequency in Western European art and iconography. The [[Cantigas de Santa Maria]], written in [[Galician-Portuguese]] and compiled in [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in the mid-13th century, depicts several types of bagpipes.<ref>{{Citation
 | first       = Elizabeth
 | last        = Aubrey
 | title       = The Music of the Troubadours
 | url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=1nqgFob3uV0C&pg=PA257
 | publisher   = [[Indiana University Press]]
 | isbn        = 978-0-253-21389-1
 | year        = 1996
 | access-date  = 2013-01-02}}</ref> Several illustrations of bagpipes also appear in the ''Chronique dite de Baudoin d’Avesnes'', a 13th-century manuscript of northern French origin.<ref>Chronique dite de Baudoin d'Avesnes, Arras, BM, ms. 0863, f. 007, 126v, 149v</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Hybride jouant de la cornemuse | publisher=Sorbonne, Paris | url=http://musiconis.paris-sorbonne.fr/fiche/429/Hybride+jouant+de+la+cornemuse | access-date=2017-01-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110030957/http://musiconis.paris-sorbonne.fr/fiche/429/Hybride+jouant+de+la+cornemuse | archive-date=2017-01-10 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Although evidence of bagpipes in the British Isles prior to the 14th century is contested, they are explicitly mentioned in ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]'' (written around 1380):<ref>{{Citation
 | first       = Geoffrey
 | last        = Chaucer
 | title       = The Canterbury Tales: Prologue to "The Miller's Tale" (line 565)
 | url         = http://www.bartleby.com/40/0103.html
 | access-date  = 2013-01-02
}}</ref>
{{blockquote|A baggepype wel coude he blowe and sowne, /And ther-with-al he broghte us out of towne.|Canterbury Tales}}

Bagpipes were also frequent subjects for carvers of wooden choir stalls in the late 15th and early 16th century throughout Europe, sometimes with animal musicians.<ref>{{cite web | title=Cochon jouant de la cornemuse | publisher=Sorbonne, Paris | url=http://musiconis.paris-sorbonne.fr/fiche/233/Cochon+jouant+de+la+cornemuse | access-date=2017-01-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110023950/http://musiconis.paris-sorbonne.fr/fiche/233/Cochon+jouant+de+la+cornemuse | archive-date=2017-01-10 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Actual specimens of bagpipes from before the 18th century are extremely rare; however, a substantial number of paintings, carvings, engravings, and manuscript illuminations survive. These artefacts are clear evidence that bagpipes varied widely throughout Europe, and even within individual regions. Many examples of early folk bagpipes in continental Europe can be found in the paintings of Brueghel, Teniers, Jordaens, and Durer.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Great Highland Bagpipes (an piob-mhor) |url=http://www.northport-bagpipes.org/bagpipes.htm |publisher=The Northport Pipe Band, NY |access-date=2013-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211205152/http://www.northport-bagpipes.org/bagpipes.htm |archive-date=February 11, 2013 }}</ref>

The earliest known artefact identified as a part of a bagpipe is a chanter found in 1985 at [[Rostock]], Germany, that has been dated to the late 14th century or the first quarter of the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Rostock Chanter|url=http://www.bagpipesociety.org.uk/articles/2014/chanter/winter/the-rostock-chanter/|access-date=2021-06-06|website=www.bagpipesociety.org.uk}}</ref>

[[File:Hendrick ter Brugghen - Bagpipe Player - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|right|''De doedelzakspeler'' ("Bagpipe Player"), [[Hendrick ter Brugghen]], 1624]]

The first clear reference to the use of the Scottish [[Highland bagpipes]] is from a French history that mentions their use at the [[Battle of Pinkie]] in 1547. [[George Buchanan]] (1506–82) claimed that bagpipes had replaced the trumpet on the battlefield. This period saw the creation of the ''ceòl mór'' (great music) of the bagpipe, which reflected its martial origins, with battle tunes, marches, gatherings, salutes and laments.<ref>J. E. A. Dawson, ''Scotland Re-Formed, 1488–1587'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), {{ISBN|0-7486-1455-9}}, p. 169.</ref> The Highlands of the early 17th century saw the development of piping families including the [[MacCrimmon (piping family)|MacCrimmonds]], MacArthurs, [[Clan Gregor|MacGregors]], and the Mackays of [[Gairloch]].<ref name="Porterp35">J. Porter, "Introduction" in J. Porter, ed., ''Defining Strains: The Musical Life of Scots in the Seventeenth Century'' (Peter Lang, 2007), {{ISBN|3-03910-948-0}}, p. 35.</ref>

The earliest Irish mention of the bagpipe is in 1206, approximately thirty years after the Anglo-Norman invasion;<ref>"The Concise History of the Bagpipe by Frank J. Timoney | Ireland".</ref> another mention attributes their use to Irish troops in Henry VIII's [[Sieges of Boulogne (1544–46)|siege of Boulogne]].<ref>Donnelly, Seán, The Early History of Piping in Ireland (2001), p. 9</ref> Illustrations in the 1581 book ''[[The Image of Irelande]]'' by [[John Derricke]] clearly depict a bagpiper. Derricke's illustrations are considered to be reasonably faithful depictions of the attire and equipment of the English and Irish population of the 16th century.<ref>{{Citation
 | first       = John
 | last        = Derrick
 | title       = The Image of Irelande
 | url         = http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/about/bgallery/Gallery/researchcoll/ireland.html
 | place       = London
 | year        = 1581
}}</ref>

The "Battell" sequence from ''[[My Ladye Nevells Booke]]'' (1591) by [[William Byrd]], which probably alludes to the Irish wars of 1578, contains a piece entitled ''The bagpipe: & the drone''. In 1760, the first serious study of the Scottish Highland bagpipe and its music was attempted in Joseph MacDonald's ''Compleat Theory''. A manuscript from the 1730s by a [[William Dixon manuscript|William Dixon]] of [[Northumberland]] contains music that fits the [[border pipes]], a nine-note bellows-blown bagpipe with a chanter similar to that of the modern [[Great Highland bagpipe]]. However, the music in Dixon's manuscript varied greatly from modern Highland bagpipe tunes, consisting mostly of extended variation sets of common dance tunes. Some of the tunes in the Dixon manuscript correspond to those found in the early 19th century manuscript sources of [[Northumbrian smallpipe]] tunes, notably the rare book of 50 tunes, many with variations, by [[John Peacock (piper)|John Peacock]].

[[File:Merry brothers 1887.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Happy Brothers]]'' by [[Uroš Predić]] (1887)]]

As Western classical music developed, both in terms of musical sophistication and instrumental technology, bagpipes in many regions fell out of favour because of their limited range and function. This triggered a long, slow decline that continued, in most cases, into the 20th century.

Extensive and documented collections of traditional bagpipes may be found at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York City, the [[International Bagpipe Museum]] in [[Gijón]], Spain, the [[Pitt Rivers Museum]] in [[Oxford]], England and the [[Morpeth Chantry Bagpipe Museum]] in Northumberland, and the [[Musical Instrument Museum (Phoenix)|Musical Instrument Museum]] in Phoenix, [[Arizona]].

[[File:MDF Strakonice, 2018, 09 Anglie 02.jpg|thumb|left|International Bagpipe Festival, Strakonice, 2018]]

The {{ill|International Bagpipe Festival|cs|Mezinárodní dudácký festival ve Strakonicích}} is held every two years in [[Strakonice]], [[Czech Republic]].