Editing Arthritis (section)

=== Gout ===
{{Main|Gout}}
[[File:Gout Signs and Symptoms.jpg|thumb|Gout most commonly affects the big toe, leading to swelling, redness, and warmth around that area.]]

In the early stages of gout, usually only one joint is affected; however over time, many joints can become affected. Gout most commonly occurs in joints located in the big toe, knee, and/or fingers.<ref name=mayo-gout/> During a gout flare, the affected joints often become swollen with associated warmth and redness. The resulting pain can be significant and potentially debilitating.<ref name="Becker">{{cite book |title=Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A textbook of Rheumatology edition 15 |vauthors=Becker MA |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |year=2005 |pages=2303–2339}}</ref> When one of these flares occurs, management involves the use of anti-inflammatories, such as NSAIDs, colchicine, or glucocorticoids.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Afinogenova |first1=Yuliya |last2=Danve |first2=Abhijeet |last3=Neogi |first3=Tuhina |date=2022-03-01 |title=Update on Gout Management: what's old and what's new |journal=Current Opinion in Rheumatology |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=118–124 |doi=10.1097/BOR.0000000000000861 |issn=1040-8711 |pmc=8799507 |pmid=34907116}}</ref> In between gout flares, it is recommended that patients take medications that decrease the production of uric acid (i.e. allopurinol, febuxostat) or increase the elimination of uric acid from the body (i.e. probenecid).<ref name=":8" /><ref name="Ali">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ali S, Lally EV |date=November 2009 |title=Treatment failure gout |journal=Medicine and Health, Rhode Island |volume=92 |issue=11 |pages=369–371 |citeseerx=10.1.1.608.3812 |pmid=19999896}}</ref>

Gout has been associated with excessive intake of alcohol and food, such as red meat.<ref name=mayo-gout/> Thus, it is also recommended that patients with gout adhere to a diet rich in fiber, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting the intake of alcohol and fatty foods.<ref name=mayo-gout/>

There is also an uncommon form of gout that is known as [[Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease|pseudogout]], which is caused by the formation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joint.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Stack |first1=John |last2=McCarthy |first2=Geraldine |date=2021-12-01 |title=Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease – Treatment options |journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology |series=Crystal Induced Arthritis |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=101720 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2021.101720 |pmid=34756508 |issn=1521-6942|doi-access=free }}</ref> Unlike gout, no targeted treatments are currently available.<ref name=":9" /> At this time, management is aimed at decreasing inflammation in order to reduce the intensity and frequency of flares.<ref name=":9" />