Editing Arctic fox (section)

===Origins===
The origins of the Arctic fox have been described by the "out of Tibet" hypothesis. On the [[Tibetan Plateau]], [[fossil]]s of the extinct ancestral Arctic fox (''[[Vulpes qiuzhudingi]]'') from the early Pliocene (5.08–3.6 MYA) were found along with many other precursors of modern mammals that evolved during the [[Pliocene]] (5.3–2.6 MYA). It is believed that this ancient fox is the ancestor of the modern Arctic fox. Globally, the Pliocene was about 2–3&nbsp;°C warmer than today, and the Arctic during the summer in the mid-Pliocene was 8&nbsp;°C warmer. By using stable carbon and oxygen [[isotope]] analysis of fossils, researchers claim that the Tibetan Plateau experienced tundra-like conditions during the Pliocene and harbored cold-adapted mammals that later spread to North America and Eurasia during the [[Pleistocene|Pleistocene Epoch]] (2.6 million-11,700 years ago).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=X. |author2=Wang, Y. |name-list-style=amp |author3=Li, Q. |author4=Tseng, Z.J. |author5=Takeuchi, G.T. |author6=Deng, T. |author7=Xie, G. |author8=Chang, M.M. |author9=Wang, N. |title=Cenozoic vertebrate evolution and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau: Progress and prospects |journal=Gondwana Research |date=2015 |volume=27 |issue=4|pages=1335–1354 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2014.10.014 |bibcode=2015GondR..27.1335W}}</ref>