Editing Apiaceae (section)

== Toxicity ==
Many species in the family Apiaceae produce phototoxic substances (called [[furanocoumarins]]) that sensitize human skin to sunlight. Contact with plant parts that contain furanocoumarins, followed by exposure to sunlight, may cause [[phytophotodermatitis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319001.php |title=Phytophotodermatitis: When plants and light affect the skin |last1=Leonard |first1=Jayne |date=19 August 2017 |website=Medical News Today |access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/sun-related-skin-condition-triggered-by-chemicals-in-certain-plants-fruits/ |title=Sun-related Skin Condition Triggered by Chemicals in Certain Plants, Fruits |last1=Davis |first1=Dawn |date=12 August 2011 |website=Dermatology, Mayo Clinic |access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref> a serious skin inflammation. Phototoxic species include ''[[Ammi majus]]'', ''[[Notobubon galbanum]],'' the [[parsnip]] (''[[Pastinaca]] sativa'') and numerous species of the genus ''[[Heracleum (plant)|Heracleum]]'', especially the giant hogweed (''[[Heracleum mantegazzianum]]''). Of all the plant species that have been reported to induce phytophotodermatitis, approximately half belong to the family Apiaceae.<ref name="Pathak et al. 1962">{{cite journal |last1=Pathak |first1=M. A. |last2=Daniels |first2=Farrington Jr. |last3=Fitzpatrick |first3=T. B. |title=The Presently Known Distribution of Furocoumarins (Psoralens) in Plants |journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology |date=September 1962 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=225–239 |doi=10.1038/jid.1962.106|pmid=13941836 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The family Apiaceae also includes a smaller number of poisonous species, including [[Conium maculatum|poison hemlock]], [[Cicuta|water hemlock]], [[spotted cowbane]], [[Aethusa cynapium|fool's parsley]], and various species of [[Oenanthe (plant)|water dropwort]].

Some members of the family Apiaceae, including [[carrot]], [[celery]], [[fennel]], [[parsley]] and [[parsnip]], contain [[polyyne]]s, an unusual class of organic compounds that exhibit cytotoxic effects.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Polyacetylenes from the Apiaceae vegetables carrot, celery, fennel, parsley, and parsnip and their cytotoxic activities |author=C. Zidorn |author2=K. Jöhrer |author3=M. Ganzera |author4=B. Schubert |author5=E.M. Sigmund |author6=J. Mader |author7=R. Greil |author8=E.P. Ellmerer |author9=H. Stuppner |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |date=2005 |volume=53 |issue=7 |pages=2518–2523 |doi=10.1021/jf048041s |pmid=15796588}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Minto | first1 = Robert E. | last2 = Blacklock | first2 = Brenda J | year = 2008 | title = Biosynthesis and function of polyacetylenes and allied natural products | journal = From Progress in Lipid Research | volume = 47 | issue = 4| pages = 233–306 | doi = 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.02.002 | pmid = 18387369 | pmc = 2515280 }}</ref>