Editing Angina (section)

===Other cardiac problems===
* [[Bradyarrhythmia]]
* [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Tachyarrhythmia]]
* [[Valvular heart disease]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB, Fihn SD, Fraker TD, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Pasternak RC, Williams SV | title = ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina) | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 159–68 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12570960 | doi = 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02848-6 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fraker TD, Fihn SD, Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Pasternak RC, Williams SV, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Halperin JL, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW | title = 2007 chronic angina focused update of the ACC/AHA 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Writing Group to develop the focused update of the 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | volume = 50 | issue = 23 | pages = 2264–74 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 18061078 | doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.08.002 | author3 = 2002 Chronic Stable Angina Writing Committee | first22 = SM | first21 = MA | first20 = CE | first27 = BW | first26 = FG | first25 = HM | first29 = RL | first28 = R | first19 = JL | first30 = B | first18 = CD | first24 = SA | first16 = SC | first17 = AK | first14 = RA | first15 = SV | doi-access = free }}</ref>

[[Myocardial ischemia]] can result from:
# a reduction of blood flow to the heart that can be caused by [[stenosis]], [[spasm]], or acute [[Vascular occlusion|occlusion]] (by an [[Embolism|embolus]]) of the heart's arteries.
# resistance of the blood vessels. This can be caused by narrowing of the blood vessels; a decrease in radius.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Kusumoto FM |chapter=Chapter 10: Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Disease |veditors=McPhee SJ, Hammer GD |title=Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine |edition=6th |chapter-url=http://www.accesspharmacy.com/content.aspx?aID=5367630 |isbn=978-0-07-162167-0 |page=276 |date=2009-10-20 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |access-date=2010-04-28 |archive-date=2011-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727134638/http://www.accesspharmacy.com/content.aspx?aID=5367630 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Blood flow is proportional to the radius of the artery to the fourth power.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Michel T |chapter=Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia | veditors = Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL |title=Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutic |edition=11th |page=823 |isbn=978-0-07-142280-2|date=2005-09-13 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies,Incorporated }}</ref>
# reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, due to several factors such as a decrease in oxygen tension and hemoglobin concentration.<ref name="podrid2012">{{cite web | vauthors = Podrid PJ |title=Pathophysiology and clinical presentation of ischemic chest pain |work=[[UpToDate]] |date=November 28, 2012 |publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer]] |url=http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-and-clinical-presentation-of-ischemic-chest-pain }}{{registration required}}</ref> This decreases the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to myocardial tissue.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Traverso M | date = 8 August 2004 | url = http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses/genchem/Tutorials/Ferritin/IronBody.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100607124022/http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses/genchem/Tutorials/Ferritin/IronBody.htm | archive-date = 7 June 2010 | title = The Crucial Role of Iron in the Body | work = Washington University in St Louis }}</ref>

[[Atherosclerosis]] is the most common cause of [[stenosis]] (narrowing of the blood vessels) of the heart's arteries and, hence, angina pectoris. Some people with chest pain have normal or minimal narrowing of heart arteries; in these patients, [[vasospasm]] is a more likely cause for the pain, sometimes in the context of [[Prinzmetal's angina]] and [[Cardiac syndrome X|syndrome X]].

Myocardial ischemia also can be the result of factors affecting blood composition, such as the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of [[blood]], as seen with severe [[anemia]] (low number of red blood cells), or long-term [[tobacco smoking|smoking]].