Editing Andrew II of Hungary (section)

===Conflicts with son and the Church (1222–1234)===

Andrew discharged Palatine [[Theodore Csanád]] and restored Julius Kán in the second half of 1222.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=137}} The following year, Pope Honorius urged Andrew to launch a new crusade.{{sfn|Bárány|2012|p=151}} If the report of the ''Continuatio Claustroneuburgensis'' is reliable, Andrew took the cross to show that he intended to launch a new crusade, but no other sources mention this event.{{sfn|Bárány|2012|p=151}} Andrew planned to arrange a new marriage for his eldest son, Béla, but Pope Honorius mediated a reconciliation between Béla and his wife in the autumn of 1223.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=137}}{{sfn|Bárány|2012|p=150}} This angered Andrew, and Béla fled to Austria. He returned in 1224 after the bishops persuaded Andrew to forgive him.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=137}}

In his ''[[Diploma Andreanum]]'' of 1224, Andrew confirmed the privileges of the "[[Transylvanian Saxons|Saxons]]" who inhabited the region of [[Hermannstadt]] in southern Transylvania (now [[Sibiu]], Romania).{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=403}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=114}} The following year, he launched a campaign against the Teutonic Knights, who had attempted to eliminate his suzerainty. The Knights were forced to leave [[Barcaság]] and the neighboring lands.{{sfn|Curta|2006|p=403}}{{sfn|Spinei|2009|p=147}} Andrew's envoys and Leopold VI of Austria signed a treaty on 6 June, which ended the armed conflicts along the Hungarian-Austrian border. As part of the treaty, Leopold VI paid an indemnification for the damages that his troops had caused in Hungary.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=138}} Andrew made his oldest son, Béla, [[Duke of Transylvania]]. Béla's former duchy was given to Andrew's second son, Coloman, in 1226.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=138}} Duke Béla started expanding his suzerainty over the [[Cumans]], who inhabited the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains.{{sfn|Curta|2006|pp=405–405}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=95}} Andrew launched a campaign against Mstislav Mstislavich in 1226 because the latter refused to grant Halych to Andrew's youngest son despite a previous compromise.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=138}} Andrew besieged and captured [[Przemyśl]], [[Terebovl]], and other fortresses in Halych.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=138}} However, his troops were routed at [[Kremenets]] and Zvenigorod, forcing him to withdraw.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=138}} Despite his victories, Mstislavich ceded Halych to Andrew's son in early 1227.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=138}}

[[File:Andrew II (Millennium Monument).jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=A crowned man holding a sealed document|Andrew's statute on [[Hősök tere|Heroes' Square]] in [[Budapest]]]]

In 1228, Andrew authorized his son, Béla, to revise his previous land grants.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=139}} Pope Honorius also supported Béla's efforts.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=139}} Béla confiscated the domains of two noblemen, [[Simon Kacsics]] and Bánk Bár-Kalán, who had taken part in the conspiracy to murder Queen Gertrude.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=139}} In 1229, upon Béla's proposal, Andrew confirmed the privileges of the Cuman chieftains who had subjected themselves to Béla.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=140}} [[Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom]], made a complaint about Andrew to the Holy See, because Andrew continued to employ Jews and Muslims.{{sfn|Berend|2006|p=155}} [[Pope Gregory IX]] authorized the archbishop to perform acts of religious censure to persuade Andrew to dismiss his non-Christian officials.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=141}} Under duress, Andrew issued a new Golden Bull in 1231, which confirmed that Muslims were banned from employment, and empowered the Archbishop of Esztergom to excommunicate the king if he failed to honor the provisions of the new Golden Bull.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=141}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=94}}{{sfn|Berend|2006|pp=154–155}} In the second half of the year, Andrew invaded Halych and restored his youngest son, Andrew, to the throne.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=141}}

Archbishop Robert excommunicated Palatine Denis and put Hungary under an [[interdict]] on 25 February 1232, because the employment of Jews and Muslims continued despite the Golden Bull of 1231.{{sfn|Berend|2006|p=157}}{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=142}} Since the archbishop accused the Muslims of persuading Andrew to seize church property, Andrew restored properties to the archbishop, who soon suspended the interdict.{{sfn|Berend|2006|p=157}}{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=142}} Upon Andrew's demand, Pope Gregory sent Cardinal [[Giacomo di Pecorari (cardinal)|Giacomo di Pecorari]] as his legate to Hungary and promised that nobody would be excommunicated without the pope's special authorization.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=142}} Although Andrew departed for Halych to support his youngest son in a fight against Daniel Romanivich, he continued his negotiations with the papal legate.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=143}} On 20 August 1233, in the forests of [[Bereg County|Bereg]], he [[Oath of Bereg|vowed]] that he would not employ Jews and Muslims to administrate royal revenues, and would pay 10,000 marks as compensation for usurped Church revenues.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=94}}{{sfn|Berend|2006|pp=158–159}} Andrew repeated his oath in [[Esztergom]] in September.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=143}}

Andrew and [[Frederick II, Duke of Austria]], signed a peace treaty in late 1233.{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=143}} Andrew, who had been widowed, married the 23-year-old [[Beatrice d'Este, Queen of Hungary|Beatrice d'Este]] on 14 May 1234, even though his sons were sharply opposed to his third marriage.{{sfn|Kristó|Makk|1996|p=243}} [[John of Wildeshausen|John, Bishop of Bosnia]], put Hungary under a new interdict in the first half of 1234, because Andrew had not dismissed his non-Christian officials despite his oath of Bereg.{{sfn|Berend|2006|p=160}}{{sfn|Érszegi|Solymosi|1981|p=144}} Andrew and Archbishop Robert of Esztergom protested against the bishop's act at the Holy See.{{sfn|Berend|2006|p=160}}