Editing American robin (section)

=== Breeding ===

[[File:Robin with nest-making materials.jpg|thumb|With nest-making materials]]

Breeding begins shortly after the returning to the summer range. The species is one of the first North American birds to lay eggs, and normally has two to three broods per breeding season, which lasts from April to July.<ref name="ADW"/>

The nest is most commonly located {{Convert|1.5|-|4.5|m|ft|abbr = on}} above the ground in a dense bush or in a fork between two tree branches, and is built by the female alone. The outer foundation consists of long coarse grass, twigs, paper, and feathers. This is lined with smeared mud and cushioned with fine grass or other soft materials. The American robin builds a new nest for each brood; in northern areas the nest for the first clutch will usually be located in an [[evergreen]] tree or shrub, while later broods are raised in [[deciduous]] trees.<ref name="ADW"/> The species is not shy about nesting close to human habitations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Backyard Birding Information – How to Attract Robins |publisher=The Ornate Bird Garden |url=http://www.ornatebirdgarden.com/html/robins.html |access-date=27 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201150341/http://www.ornatebirdgarden.com/html/robins.html |archive-date=1 December 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

A clutch consists of three to five cyan-colored [[Bird egg|eggs]], and is [[Egg incubation#Avian incubation|incubated]] by the female alone. The eggs hatch after 14&nbsp;days, and the chicks leave the nest a further two weeks later. The [[altricial]] chicks are naked and have their eyes closed for the first few days after hatching.<ref name = IWRC>{{cite web |title=American Robin (''Turdus migratorius'') |url=http://www.iwrc-online.org/kids/Facts/Birds/robin.htm |publisher=International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council |access-date=21 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031214806/http://www.iwrc-online.org/kids/Facts/Birds/robin.htm |archive-date=31 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The chicks are fed earthworms, insects, and berries. Waste accumulation does not occur in the nest because the adults collect and take it away. Chicks are fed, and then raise tails for elimination of waste, a solid white clump that is collected by a parent prior to flying off. All chicks in the brood leave the nest within two days of each other. Juveniles become capable of sustained flight two weeks after fledging. Chicks become sexually mature at one year of age. Bird banders have found that only 25% of young robins survive their first year. The longest known lifespan of an American robin in the wild is 14&nbsp;years; the average lifespan is about two years.<ref name="ADW"/>