Editing Amazon parrot (section)

== Conservation status ==
As of June 2020, 58% (18 out of 31) of species were listed by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) as threatened or [[extinct in the wild]]. The most common threats are habitat loss, persecution, the pet trade,<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1017/S0959270920000222|title = Conservation status of the recently described Ecuadorian Amazon parrot Amazona lilacina|year = 2020|last1 = Biddle|first1 = Rebecca|last2 = Solis Ponce|first2 = Ivette|last3 = Cun|first3 = Paul|last4 = Tollington|first4 = Simon|last5 = Jones|first5 = Martin|last6 = Marsden|first6 = Stuart|last7 = Devenish|first7 = Christian|last8 = Horstman|first8 = Eric|last9 = Berg|first9 = Karl|last10 = Pilgrim|first10 = Mark|journal = Bird Conservation International|volume = 30|issue = 4|pages = 586–598|s2cid = 225833310|doi-access = free}}</ref> and the introduction of other species.<ref name=luescher>{{cite book|last=Luescher|first=Andrew|title=Manual of Parrot Behavior|url=https://www.academia.edu/download/32037289/Manual_of_Parrot_Behavior.pdf#page=20|date=12 June 2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-8138-2749-0}}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>{{rp|14}} The [[Puerto Rican amazon]] is critically endangered. 15 species are on Appendix 1 of the [[Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species]], while 16 are on Appendix 2.<ref name=AmazonePhylogeny/>{{rp|421}} In the case of illegal smuggling of amazon parrots, some smugglers bleach the heads of green-headed parrots to make them look yellow and sell them off as young amazon parrots, which can cause [[dermatitis]]. The [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] and the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] sometimes confiscate and quarantine parrots for [[Newcastle disease]] and then auction them off.<ref name=mitchell/>{{rp|255}}

The Puerto Rican parrot in particular, as a critically endangered species, has seen considerable conservation efforts, including but not limited to changes in land management, legal protection, research, and increasing nesting success.<ref>{{cite book|author=Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Team|title=Recovery Plan for the Puerto Rican Parrot, Amazona Vittata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA61|year=1987|publisher=The Region|access-date=2021-07-25|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725113105/https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA61|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|18–21}} However, these efforts were significantly hindered by natural events such as [[Hurricane Hugo]], which affected the [[Luquillo forest]] in which most Puerto Rican parrots were living.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Soulé|first1=Michael E.|last2=Terborgh|first2=John|title=Continental Conservation: Scientific Foundations of Regional Reserve Networks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fEWaQHM6cYC&pg=PA70|year=1999|publisher=Island Press|isbn=978-1-61091-388-1|access-date=2021-07-25|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725113105/https://books.google.com/books?id=9fEWaQHM6cYC&pg=PA70|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|70}}

Within the rest of the West Indies, the four species of amazon parrots in the Lesser Antilles have seen successful attempts at increasing their population. In the Greater Antilles, the population of amazon parrots has been stable. The [[Cuban amazon]] has seen greatly successful conservation efforts and as a result has experienced a large increase in its population.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wiley|first1=James W.|last2=Gnam|first2=Rosemarie S.|last3=Koenig|first3=Susan E.|last4=Dornelly|first4=Alwin|last5=Gálvez|first5=Xiomara|last6=Bradley|first6=Patricia E.|last7=White|first7=Thomas|last8=Zamore|first8=Michael|last9=Reillo|first9=Paul R.|last10=Anthony|first10=Donald|title=Status and conservation of the family Psittacidae in the West Indies|url=https://jco.birdscaribbean.org/index.php/jco/article/view/396|year=2004|journal=Journal of Caribbean Ornithology|volume=17|pages=94–154|access-date=2021-07-25|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725142439/https://jco.birdscaribbean.org/index.php/jco/article/view/396|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|94}}