Editing Akira Toriyama (section)

== Style ==
Toriyama admired [[Osamu Tezuka]]'s ''[[Astro Boy]]'' and was impressed by [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'', which he remembered for its high-quality animation.<ref name="SJ interview"/><ref name="Animation1">{{cite book |title=DRAGON BALL 大全集 3: TV ANIMATION PART 1 |language=ja |year=1995 |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |pages=202–207 |isbn=4-08-782753-4}}</ref> He was a fan of [[Hong Kong martial arts films]], especially [[Bruce Lee]] films such as ''[[Enter the Dragon]]'' (1973) and [[Jackie Chan]] films such as ''[[Drunken Master]]'' (1978), which went on to have a large influence on his later work.<ref>{{cite book |title=TV Anime Guide: Dragon Ball Z Son Goku Densetsu |date=2003 |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |isbn=4088735463 |chapter=Akira Toriyama × Katsuyoshi Nakatsuru |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Dragon Ball Z Legend: The Quest Continues |date=2004 |publisher=DH Publishing Inc |isbn=9780972312493 |page=7 |url=https://archive.org/details/dragonballzlegen00iked/page/n8 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Interview — Dragon Power / Ask Akira Toriyama! |journal=[[Shonen Jump (magazine)|Shonen Jump]] |date=January 2003 |issue=1 |language=ja}}</ref> He also cited the [[science fiction]] films ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979) and ''[[Galaxy Quest]]'' (1999) as influences.<ref name="MangaMind">{{cite book |chapter=Akira Toriyama Q&A |title=Training the Manga Mind |date=March 19, 2010 |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |pages=37–42 |language=ja}}</ref> Toriyama stated he was influenced by animator [[Toyoo Ashida]] and the anime television series adaptation of his own ''Dragon Ball'', from which he learned that separating colors instead of blending them makes the art cleaner and coloring illustrations easier.<ref name="Animation1"/>

It was Toriyama's sound effects in ''Mysterious Rain Jack'' that caught the eye of [[Kazuhiko Torishima]], who explained that usually they are written in ''[[katakana]]'', but Toriyama used the [[Roman alphabet]], which he found refreshing.<ref name="Shenlong1">{{cite magazine |title=Shenlong Times 1 |magazine=Dragon Ball 大全集 1: Complete Illustrations |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |year=1995| language=ja}}</ref> Torishima has stated that Toriyama aimed to be a gag manga artist because the competitions that he submitted to early on required entries in the gag category to only be 15 pages long, compared to story manga entries which had to be 31.<ref name="ITpart2"/> In his opinion, Toriyama excelled in black and white, utilizing black areas as a result of not having had the money to buy [[screentone]] when he started drawing manga.<ref name="Shenlong1"/> He also described Toriyama as a master of convenience and "sloppy, but in a good way." For instance, in ''Dragon Ball'', destroying scenery in the environment and giving Super Saiyans blond hair were done in order to have less work in drawing and inking. Torishima claimed that Toriyama drew what he found interesting and was not mindful of what his readers thought,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpFsv-lS7ps|title=Interview de l'éditeur de Dragon Ball - L'influence de Dragon Ball - Partie 6|date=January 17, 2015 |via=www.youtube.com|access-date=October 27, 2017|archive-date=September 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928171653/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpFsv-lS7ps&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref> nor did he get much inspiration from other comics, as he chose not to re-read previous works or read manga made by other artists, a practice that Torishima supported.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Interview: Torishima Kazuhiko<!--the volume uses Japanese order-->|editor1=Nicole Coolidge Rousmaniere|editor2=Matsuba<!--Last name is Matsuba--> Ryoko|title=The Citi Exhibition: Manga|publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]]|others=[[The British Museum]]|isbn=978-0-500-48049-6|year=2019|page=99}}</ref> Furthermore, the book ''A History of Modern Manga'' (2023) describes Toriyama as "a perfectionist at heart" who "didn't hesitate to redraw entire panels under the worried eye of his editor at ''Jump''".<ref name="Modern Manga">{{Cite book |title=A History of Modern Manga |last1=Pinon |first1=Matthieu |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2023 |isbn=9781647229146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4XSyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |last2=Lefebvre |first2=Laurent |page=83}}</ref>

''Dr. Slump'' is mainly a comedy series, filled with [[pun]]s, [[Off-color humor|toilet humor]], and sexual innuendos. But it also contained many science fiction elements: aliens, [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] characters, [[time travel]], and parodies of works such as [[Godzilla]], ''[[Star Wars]],'' and ''[[Star Trek]]''.<ref name="ANNJT"/> Toriyama also included many real-life people in the series, such as his assistants, wife, and colleagues (such as [[Masakazu Katsura]]), but most notably his editor Kazuhiko Torishima as the series' main antagonist, [[Dr. Mashirito]].<ref name="ANNJT"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kido |first1=Misaki |last2=Bae |first2=John |url=http://shonenjump.viz.com/node/178 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Masakazu Katsura Spotlight |publisher=[[Viz Media]] |year=2012 |access-date=February 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712150818/http://shonenjump.viz.com/node/178 |archive-date=July 12, 2014 }}</ref> A running gag in ''Dr. Slump'' that utilizes feces has been reported as an inspiration for the [[Pile of Poo emoji]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3037803/the-oral-history-of-the-poop-emoji-or-how-google-brought-poop-to-america|title=The Oral History Of The Poop Emoji (Or, How Google Brought Poop To America)|magazine=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]|last=Schwartzberg|first=Lauren|date=November 18, 2014|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403070613/https://www.fastcompany.com/3037803/the-oral-history-of-the-poop-emoji-or-how-google-brought-poop-to-america|archive-date=April 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/24687/1/what-does-the-stinky-poop-emoji-really-mean|title=What does the stinky poop emoji really mean?|magazine=[[Dazed]]|last=Healy|first=Claire|date=May 12, 2015|access-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412162757/http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/24687/1/what-does-the-stinky-poop-emoji-really-mean|archive-date=April 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

When ''Dragon Ball'' began, it was loosely based on the classic Chinese novel ''[[Journey to the West]]'',<ref name="AnimeEncyc"/><ref name="Manga Design">{{cite book |title=Manga Design |chapter=Akira Toriyama |first=Julius |last=Wiedemann |editor=Amano Masanao |publisher=[[Taschen]] |date=September 25, 2004 |page=372 |isbn=3-8228-2591-3}}</ref> with [[Goku]] being [[Sun Wukong]] and [[Bulma]] as [[Tang Sanzang]]. It was also inspired by Hong Kong martial arts films,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Dragon Ball Z Legend: The Quest Continues |date=2004 |publisher=DH Publishing Inc |isbn=9780972312493 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dragonballzlegen00iked/page/n6 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/dragonballzlegen00iked|url-access=registration }}</ref> particularly those of Jackie Chan,<ref name="Illustrations">{{Cite book |title=Dragon Ball 大全集 1: Complete Illustrations |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |year=1995 |isbn=4-08-782754-2 |pages=206–207 |language=ja |trans-title=Dragon Ball Complete Works 1: Complete Illustrations}}</ref> and was set in a fictional world based on Asia, taking inspiration from several [[Culture of Asia|Asian cultures]] including [[Culture of Japan|Japanese]], [[Chinese culture|Chinese]], [[Culture of India|Indian]], [[Central Asia]]n, [[Arabic culture|Arabic]], and [[Indonesian culture]]s.<ref name="ANNJT"/><ref name="World">{{Cite book |title=Dragon Ball 大全集 4: World Guide |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |year=1995 |isbn=4-08-782754-2 |pages=164–169 |language=ja |trans-title=Dragon Ball Complete Works 4: World Guide}}</ref> Toriyama continued to use his characteristic comedic style in the beginning, but over the course of serialization this slowly changed, with him turning the series into a "nearly-pure fighting manga" later on.<ref name="ANNJT"/> He did not plan out in advance what would happen in the series, instead choosing to draw as he went. This, coupled with him simply forgetting things he had already drawn, caused him to find himself in situations that he had to write himself out of.<ref name="ANNJT"/>

Toriyama was commissioned to illustrate the characters and monsters for the first ''[[Dragon Quest (video game)|Dragon Quest]]'' video game (1986) in order to separate it from other role-playing games of the time.<ref name="npinterview">{{cite magazine|title=Akira Toriyama|magazine=Nintendo Power|volume=221 |date=November 2007 |publisher=[[Future US]]|pages=78–80}}</ref> He worked on every installment in [[Dragon Quest|the series]] until he died. For each game [[Yuji Horii]] first sends rough sketches of the characters with their background information to Toriyama, who then re-draws them. Lastly, Horii approves the finished work.<ref>{{cite magazine | title=Yuji Horii interview | url=http://www.playmagazine.com/index.php?fuseaction=SiteMain.showGamePage&Game_ID=169 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325111040/http://www.playmagazine.com/index.php?fuseaction=SiteMain.showGamePage&Game_ID=169 | archive-date=March 25, 2006 |magazine=[[Play (US magazine)|Play]] | access-date=March 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name="1up">{{cite web | first=Nich|last=Maragos | date=May 19, 2005|title=Previews: Dragon Quest VIII |url=http://www.1up.com/previews/dragon-quest-viii_7 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717044707/http://www.1up.com/previews/dragon-quest-viii_7 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 17, 2012 | website=[[1UP.com]] |access-date=April 21, 2007}}</ref> Toriyama explained in 1995 that for video games, because the [[Sprite (computer graphics)|sprites]] are so small, as long as they have a distinguishing feature so people can tell which character it is, he can make complex designs without concern of having to reproduce it like he usually would in manga.<ref name="Animation2">{{cite book |title=DRAGON BALL 大全集 5: TV ANIMATION PART 2 |language=ja |year=1995 |publisher=[[Shueisha]] |pages=206–210 |isbn=4-08-782755-0}}</ref> Besides the character and monster designs, Toriyama also does the games' packaging art and, for ''[[Dragon Quest VIII]]'', the boats and ships.<ref name="1up"/> In 2016, Toriyama revealed that because of the series' established time period and setting, his artistic options are limited, which makes every iteration harder to design for than the last.<ref name="DQdesigns"/> The series' [[Slime (Dragon Quest)|Slime]] character, which has become a mascot for the franchise, is considered to be one of the most recognizable figures in gaming.<ref name=yh>{{cite web | title=Interview with Yuji Horii | url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/05/25/dragon-quest-interview | website=[[IGN]] | date=March 26, 2007 | access-date=March 26, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106124253/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/05/25/dragon-quest-interview | archive-date=November 6, 2012 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Manga critic [[Jason Thompson (writer)|Jason Thompson]] declared Toriyama's art influential, saying that his "extremely personal and recognizable style" was a reason for ''Dragon Ball'''s popularity.<ref name="ANNJT"/> He points out that the popular ''shōnen'' manga of the late 1980s and early 1990s had "[[Masculinity|manly]]" heroes, such as ''[[City Hunter]]'' and ''[[Fist of the North Star]]'', whereas ''Dragon Ball'' starred the cartoonish and small Goku, thus starting a trend that Thompson says continues to this day.<ref name="ANNJT"/> Toriyama himself said he went against the normal convention that the strongest characters should be the largest in terms of physical size, designing many of the series' most powerful characters with small statures.<ref name="SJ interview 2">{{cite magazine |title=Interview with the Majin! Revisited |magazine=[[Shonen Jump (magazine)|Shonen Jump]] |volume=5 |issue=11 |page=388 |publisher=[[Viz Media]] |date=November 2007 |issn=1545-7818}}</ref> Thompson concluded his analysis by saying that only Akira Toriyama drew like this at the time and that ''Dragon Ball'' is "an action manga drawn by a gag manga artist."<ref name="ANNJT"/> James S. Yadao, author of ''The Rough Guide to Manga'', points out that an art shift does occur in the series, as the characters gradually "lose the rounded, innocent look that [Toriyama] established in ''Dr. Slump'' and gain sharper angles that leap off the page with their energy and intensity."<ref>Yadao, James S. ''The Rough Guide to Manga''. [[Penguin Books]], October 1, 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WcYex0sGmQ0C&dq=%22Son+Goku%22+Dragonball&pg=PA116 p. 116] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712174948/http://books.google.com/books?id=WcYex0sGmQ0C&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=%22Son+Goku%22+Dragonball&source=bl&ots=uSTEogMKka&sig=0zZQjDBgjmTZmZ6n-IiwVPbExzs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WiJhUJPrDI6G9QTinYGgDg&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22Son%20Goku%22%20Dragonball&f=false |date=July 12, 2014 }}-117. {{ISBN|1-4053-8423-9}}, 9781405384230. Available on [[Google Books]].</ref>