Editing 5th century BC (section)

===[[430s BC]]===
* [[439 BC]]: [[Cincinnatus]] again becomes [[Roman dictator|dictator]] of the [[Roman Republic]]; during his term he defeats the [[Volsci]].
* [[439 BC]]: According to [[legend]], [[Gaius Servilius Ahala]] saves [[ancient Rome|Rome]] from [[Spurius Maelius]].
* [[438 BC]]: [[Ictinus]] and [[Callicrates]] finish construction of the [[Parthenon]], located on [[Athens]]' [[Acropolis]].
* [[435 BC]]: The [[Statue of Zeus at Olympia]] by [[Phidias]], one of the seven [[wonders of the world]], is completed.
* [[434 BC]]: Conflict occurs between the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] island of [[Corfu|Kerkyra]] and its mother-city [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]].
* [[434 BC]]: [[Anaxagoras]] tries to [[Squaring the circle|square the circle]] with a [[straightedge]] and [[compass]].
* [[433 BC]]: [[Battle of Sybota]] between [[Corfu|Kerkyra]] and [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]].
* [[433 BC]] (or later): [[Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng|Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng]] in [[China]].
* [[432 BC]]: [[Athens]] adopts a 19-year cycle of synchronizing [[solar calendar|solar]] and [[lunar calendar]]s.
* [[432 BC]]: [[Athens]] defeats [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]] in the [[battle of Potidaea]].
* [[432 BC]]: The [[Greece|Greek]] [[colony]] of [[Heraclea (Lucania)|Heraclea]] is founded by [[Taranto|Tarentum]] and [[Thurii]].
* [[431 BC]]: The [[Peloponnesian War]] begins between [[Sparta]] and [[Athens]] and their allies.
* [[431 BC]]: Defeat of the [[Aequi]] by the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] under the [[Roman dictator|dictator]] [[Aulus Postumius Tubertus]].
* [[431 BC]]: The [[ancient Greece|Greek]] [[physician]] and [[philosopher]] [[Empedocles]] articulates the notion that the human body has [[the four humors|four humors]]: [[blood]], [[bile]], [[black bile]], and [[phlegm]], a belief that dominates [[medicine|medical]] thinking for centuries.
* [[430 BC]]: [[Athens]] suffers a major [[Epidemic|pestilence]], believed to be caused by [[epidemic typhus]].
*[[430 BC]]: The philosopher [[Xenophon]] is born.
* c. [[430 BC]]: First performance of [[Sophocles]]'s ''[[Oedipus Rex]]''.