Editing 1944 (section)

===August===
{{Main article|August 1944}}
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 | image1 = Polish Boy Scouts fighting in the Warsaw Uprising.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Szare Szeregi]] Scouts also fought in the [[Warsaw Uprising]].
 | image2 = Jewish prisones of KZGesiowka liberated by Polish Soldiers of Home Army Warsaw1944.jpg
 | caption2 = Jewish prisoners of [[Gęsiówka]] liberated by Polish soldiers from [[Batalion Zośka]], August 5, 1944.
 | image3 = Crowds of French patriots line the Champs Elysees-edit2.jpg
 | caption3 = Crowds of French people line the Champs Élysées following the [[Liberation of Paris]], August 26, 1944.}}
* [[August 1]]
** WWII: The [[Warsaw Uprising]] begins.
** WWII: Soviet forces liberated [[Kaunas]].
* [[August 2]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Single-party period of the Republic of Turkey#World War II|Turkey]] ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
** The First Assembly of [[ASNOM]] (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of [[Independent Macedonia (1944)|Macedonia]]) is held in the [[Prohor Pčinjski Monastery|Prohor Pčinjski monastery]].
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[Education Act 1944|Education Act]] in the United Kingdom, promoted by [[Rab Butler]], creates a [[Tripartite System|Tripartite system]] of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_qyia33-PwC&q=The%20Education%20Act%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%20promoted%20by%20Rab%20Butler%2C%20creates%20a%20Tripartite%20system%20of%20education%20in%20England%2C%20Wales%20and%20Northern%20Ireland&pg=PA221|title=Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, and Society|last=Kennedy|first=Liam|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780199583119|pages=221}}</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[The Holocaust]]: A tip from a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] informer leads the [[Gestapo]] to a sealed-off area in an [[Amsterdam]] warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist [[Anne Frank]], her family, and others in hiding. All will die in captivity, except for [[Otto Frank]], Anne's father.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/01/opinion/prose-anne-frank-final-diary-entry|title=Anne Frank's final entry|first=Francine|last=Prose|author-link=Francine Prose|date=2014-08-01|publisher=CNN|quote=On Friday, August 4, 1944... a car pulled up in front of a spice warehouse at [[Anne Frank House|263 Prinsengracht]] in Amsterdam. Inside the car were an Austrian Gestapo officer and his Dutch subordinates, who, acting on a tip-off (whose source has never been identified), had come to arrest the eight Jews who had been hiding for two years in an attic above the warehouse. The eight prisoners were taken to a deportation camp, from where they were sent to [[Auschwitz]]. Only one of them, Otto Frank, would survive.|access-date=2014-08-01}}</ref>
** The [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]], by [[derogation]], elects Marshal [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim|C. G. E. Mannerheim]] as [[President of Finland]] to replace [[Risto Ryti]], who has resigned.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apu.fi/artikkelit/suomen-presidentit-sarja-mannerheim-oli-vaaran-ajan-paamies|title=Suomen presidentit -sarja: Mannerheim oli väärän ajan päämies|work=Artikkelit|date=December 6, 2017|publisher=Apu–lehti|access-date=August 3, 2021|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; WWII:
** The [[Warsaw Uprising]]:
*** The [[Wola massacre]] begins. Between now and August 12, 40,000 to 50,000 Polish civilians will be indiscriminately massacred by occupying SS troops.
*** [[The Holocaust]]: Polish insurgents liberate a German [[labor camp]] in [[Warsaw]], freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
** [[Cowra breakout]]: Over 500 Japanese prisoners of war attempt a mass breakout from the [[Cowra]] camp in Australia. In the ensuing manhunt, 231 Japanese escapees and four Australian soldiers are killed.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[IBM]] dedicates the first program-controlled [[calculator]], the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the [[Harvard Mark I]]).
* [[August 9]] &ndash; The [[United States Forest Service]] and the [[Wartime Advertising Council]] release the first posters featuring [[Smokey Bear]].
* [[August 12]] &ndash; WWII:
** The Allies capture [[History of Florence#20th century|Florence]], Italy.
** [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre]]: The ''[[Waffen-SS]]'' and [[Black Brigades]] paramilitaries murder about 560 civilians and refugees (including more than 100 children) in the Italian village of [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema]], burn their bodies, and leave their houses semi-derelict.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Claudia|last1=Buratti|first2=Giovanni|last2=Cipollini|title=Vite bruciate: La strage di Sant'Anna di Stazzema 1944–2005|location=Rome|year=2006}}</ref>
** In the [[Kara Sea]], a German submarine [[German submarine U-365|U-365]] torpedoes the passenger-cargo ship Marina Raskova. 618 people died.
** [[Operation Pluto]]: The world's first undersea [[oil pipeline]] is laid between England and France.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Dragoon]] lands Allies in southern France. The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 45th Infantry Division]] participates in its fourth assault landing at [[Sainte-Maxime]], spearheading the drive for the [[Belfort Gap]].
* [[August 18]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Rasher|SS-269|6}} sinks ''Teia Maru'', ''Eishin Maru'', ''Teiyu Maru'', and [[aircraft carrier]] {{Ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Taiyō||2}} from Japanese convoy HI71, in one of the most effective American "[[Wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]]" attacks of the war.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cressman|first=Robert J.|title=The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in WWII|url=https://archive.org/details/TheOfficialChronologyOfTheUSNavyInWorldWarII/page/248|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2000|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-55750-149-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/TheOfficialChronologyOfTheUSNavyInWorldWarII/page/248 248]}}</ref>
* [[August 19]] &ndash; WWII:
** American submarine {{USS|Spadefish|SS-411|6}} torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship {{ship||Tamatsu Maru}}; more than 4,400 Japanese servicemen drown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/hi71.pdf|title=Convoy Hi-71 (ヒ71船団)|publisher=All Japan Seamen's Union|access-date=2011-11-17}}</ref>
** [[Liberation of Paris]] starts with resistance forces staging an insurrection against the German occupiers.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; WWII:
** American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at [[Chambois, Orne|Chambois]], closing the [[Falaise Pocket]].
** 168 captured Allied airmen, including [[Phil Lamason]], accused of being "terror fliers" by the [[Gestapo]], arrive at [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], where they form the [[KLB Club]].
* [[August 21]]
** The [[Dumbarton Oaks Conference]] (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the [[United Nations]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/>
** WWII: [[Operation Tractable]] concludes, when Canadian troops relieve the Polish and link with the Americans, capturing remaining German forces in the [[Falaise Pocket]], and securing the strategically important French town of [[Falaise, Calvados|Falaise]], in the final offensive of the [[Battle of Normandy]].
* [[August 22]] &ndash; WWII:
** {{ship||Tsushima Maru}}, an unmarked Japanese passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by [[torpedo]]es launched by the [[submarine]] {{USS|Bowfin|SS-287|6}} off [[Akuseki-jima]], killing 1,484 civilians, including 767 schoolchildren.
** [[Holocaust of Kedros]]: German ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' infantry begin an intimidatory razing operation, killing 164, against the civilian residents of nine villages in the [[Amari Valley]] on the occupied Greek island of [[Crete]].
* [[August 23]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[King Michael's Coup]]: [[Ion Antonescu]], Conducator of [[Romania]], and [[Mihai Antonescu]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Foreign Minister of Romania]], are arrested and a new military government established. Romania leaves the war against the [[Soviet Union]], joining the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. General Constantin Sanatescu is the "armed force" of the coup d'état and will be appointed by [[King Michael of Romania]] as prime minister of Romania on September 1.
** [[Padule di Fucecchio massacre]]: At least 174 Italian civilians are killed by members of the [[23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)]] as a reprisal for the wounding of two soldiers.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Liberation of Paris]]: Forces of [[Free France]] are the first of the Allies to enter Paris.
** As part of the [[Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive]], the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front liberated the city of [[Chișinău]]. 
** At [[Buchères]] in France, men of the 51st [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]-Brigade massacre 68 civilians (half of them women) aged from 6 months to above seventy years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bruge|first=Roger|year=1994|title=1944 – Le temps des Massacres: Les crimes de la Gestapo et de la 51e Brigade SS|publisher=Albin Michel|isbn=2-226-06966-6}}</ref>
** Japanese vessels attack and sink the submarine {{USS|Harder|SS-257|6}} off [[Luzon]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Liberation of Paris#German surrender (25 August)|German surrender of Paris]]:The Allies enter Paris in force and General [[Dietrich von Choltitz]] surrenders the city to them, in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it. This successfully completes [[Operation Overlord]].
** [[Maillé massacre]]: 129 civilians (70% women and children) are massacred by the Gestapo at [[Maillé, Indre-et-Loire]].
** Hungary decides to [[Hungary in World War II|continue the war]] together with Germany.
** The [[Red Ball Express]] convoy system begins operation, supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Slovak Republic (1939–45)|Slovak]] National Uprising against the Axis powers begins.
* [[August 31]] &ndash; 
** WWII: The Romanian capital [[History of Bucharest#1940s|Bucharest is captured by the Red Army]].
** The [[Mad Gasser of Mattoon]] apparently resumes his mysterious attacks in [[Mattoon, Illinois]] for two weeks.