Editing 1929 (section)

==Events==

=== January ===
{{Main|January 1929}}
* [[January 6]]
** [[6 January Dictatorship]]: King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes]] suspends his country's constitution.
** [[Albania]]n missionary [[Nun|sister]] Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, later known as [[Mother Teresa]], arrives in [[Calcutta]] from Ireland to begin her work in India.
* [[January 10]] – The first appearance of [[Hergé]]'s Belgian [[comic book]] hero [[Tintin (character)|Tintin]], as ''[[Tintin in the Land of the Soviets]]'' (''Les Aventures de Tintin, reporter..., au pays des Soviets''), begins serialization in the children's newspaper supplement, ''[[Le Petit Vingtième]]''.
* [[January 17]] – The [[comic strip]] hero [[Popeye]] first appears in ''Thimble Theatre''.<ref>{{cite web|work=Don Markstein's Toonopedia|title=Popeye the Sailor|url=http://www.toonopedia.com/popeye.htm|access-date=2011-09-22}}</ref>
*[[January 17]] – [[Kabul]] falls to [[Habibullāh Kalakāni]]'s forces, beginning a 9-month period of [[Saqqawist]] rule in Afghanistan while the [[Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)|Afghan Civil War]] continues.
* [[January 29]] – ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (''Im Westen nichts Neues''), by [[Erich Maria Remarque]], is published in book form.

=== February ===
{{Main|February 1929}}
* [[February 9]] – "[[Litvinov's Pact]]" is signed in Moscow by the [[Soviet Union]], Poland, [[Estonia]], [[Romania]] and [[Latvia]], who agree not to use force to settle disputes between themselves.<ref name=Rezun>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vceInEkXX74C|title=The Soviet Union and Iran|first=Miron|last=Rezun|pages=148|publisher=Brill Archive|year=1981|isbn=90-286-2621-2}}</ref>
* [[February 11]] – The [[Kingdom of Italy]] and the [[Holy See]] of the [[Catholic Church]] sign the [[Lateran Treaty]], to establish the [[Vatican City]] as an independent sovereign [[enclave]] within Rome, resolving the "[[Roman Question]]".
* [[February 14]] – "[[Saint Valentine's Day Massacre]]": Five [[gangsters]] (rivals of [[Al Capone]]), plus a civilian, are shot dead in Chicago.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica|title=Saint Valentine's Day Massacre|date=Feb 7, 2020|access-date=Mar 28, 2020|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Saint-Valentines-Day-Massacre}}</ref>
* [[February 21]] – In the first battle of the [[Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong]] against the [[Nationalist government]] of China, a 24,000-strong rebel force led by [[Zhang Zongchang]] is defeated at [[Zhifu District|Zhifu]] by 7,000 NRA troops.<ref name="Foreign Relations">{{cite book|last=Fuller|first=Joseph V.|title=Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1929|volume=II|url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.78859/page/n1|year=1943|publisher=United States Government Publishing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|page=143}}</ref>
* [[February 26]] – [[Grand Teton National Park]] is established by the [[United States Congress]].

=== March ===
{{Main|March 1929}}
* [[March 2]] – The longest bridge in the world at this time, the [[San Francisco Bay Toll-Bridge]], opens.
* [[March 3]] – A revolt by Generals [[José Gonzalo Escobar]] and Jesús María Aguirre fails in Mexico.
* [[March 4]] – The [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party]] (''Partido Nacional Revolucionario'') is established in Mexico, by ex-President [[Plutarco Elías Calles]]. Under a succession of names, it will hold power in the country continuously for the next 71 years.<ref>{{cite web|website=migrantes.pri.org|title=4 DE MARZO DE 1929. FUNDACIÓN DEL PARTIDO NACIONAL REVOLUCIONARIO|author=Secretariat for Migration Affairs |trans-title=March 4, 1929. Foundation of the National Revolutionary Party|language=es|url=http://migrantes.pri.org.mx/Efemerides/Efemeride.aspx?y=871|date=March 4, 2014|access-date=March 28, 2020}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] – The second of the [[Davos University Conferences]] opens in Switzerland; this includes the [[Cassirer–Heidegger debate]] in philosophy.
* [[March 28]] – Japanese forces withdraw from [[Shandong]] province to their garrison in [[Qingdao]], bringing an end to the [[Jinan Incident]].
* [[March 30]] – [[Imperial Airways]] begins operating the first commercial flights between London and [[Karachi]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006|page=91}}</ref>

=== April ===
{{Main|April 1929}}
* [[April 3]] – [[Persia]] signs the [[Litvinov Protocol]].<ref name=Rezun/>
* [[April 14]] – The first edition of the [[1929 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] is held.

=== May ===
{{Main|May 1929}}
* [[May 1]] – The 7.2 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1929 Kopet Dag earthquake|Kopet Dag earthquake]] shakes the Iran-Turkmenistan border region, with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''), killing up to 3,800 and injuring 1,121.
* [[May 7]] – "The Battle Of Blood Alley" is fought by a [[razor gang]] in Sydney, Australia.
* [[May 16]] – The [[1st Academy Awards]] are presented in a 15-minute ceremony at the [[Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel]], honoring the best movies of 1927 and 1928, ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]'' (1927) winning [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. [[Gerald Duffy]] (died 1928) receives the only Academy Award for Best Title Writing ever awarded (for his [[intertitle]]s to the [[silent film]] ''[[The Private Life of Helen of Troy]]'' (1927)).
* [[May 31]] – The [[1929 United Kingdom general election|United Kingdom general election]] again returns a [[hung parliament]]; the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberals]] in Parliament determine which party will govern.

=== June ===
{{Main|June 1929}}
* [[June 1]] – The [[1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America]] is held in [[Buenos Aires]].
* [[June 3]] – The [[Treaty of Lima (1929)|Treaty of Lima]] settles a border dispute between [[Peru]] and [[Chile]].
* [[June 7]] – The [[Lateran Treaty]], making [[Vatican City]] a sovereign state, is ratified.
* [[June 8]] – [[Ramsay MacDonald]] forms the United Kingdom's [[Second MacDonald ministry|second Labour government]].
* [[June 21]] – An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador [[Dwight Whitney Morrow]] helps end the [[Cristero War]] in Mexico.
* [[June 27]] – The first public demonstration of [[color TV]] is held, by [[H. E. Ives]] and his colleagues at [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]] in New York. The first images are a bouquet of roses and an [[American flag]]. A mechanical system is used to transmit 50-line color television images between New York and Washington.

=== July ===
{{Main|July 1929}}
* [[July 24]]
** The [[Kellogg–Briand Pact]], renouncing war as an instrument of [[foreign policy]], goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928, by most leading world powers).
** [[Union Airways]] Pty. Ltd. is founded, to be nationalised as [[South African Airways]], on [[1 February]] [[1934]].
* [[July 25]] – [[Pope Pius XI]] emerges from the [[Apostolic Palace]], and enters [[St. Peter's Square]] in a huge procession witnessed by about 250,000 persons, thus ending nearly 60 years of self-imposed status by the papacy as [[Prisoner in the Vatican]].
* [[July 27]]
** The [[Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)|Geneva Convention]] addresses the treatment of prisoners of war.
** The [[Red Crescent]] is adopted as an additional emblem of the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|League of Red Cross Societies]].
* [[July 29]] – the French prime minister [[Raymond Poincaré]] resigns, and is succeeded by [[Aristide Briand]].

=== August ===
{{Main|August 1929}}
* [[August 8]]–[[August 29|29]] – German [[rigid airship]] [[LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin|LZ 127 ''Graf Zeppelin'']] makes a [[circumnavigation]] of the [[Northern Hemisphere]] eastabout out of [[Lakehurst, New Jersey]], including the first nonstop flight of any kind across the [[Pacific Ocean]] ([[Tokyo]]–[[Los Angeles]]).
* [[August 16]] – The [[1929 Palestine riots]] break out between [[Palestinians]] and [[Jew]]s in [[Mandatory Palestine]], and continue until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Palestinians are killed.
* [[August 20]] – [[John Logie Baird]]'s experimental 30-line television system is first transmitted, by the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] in London.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Hutchinson Factfinder|publisher=Helicon|year=1999|isbn=1-85986-000-1 }}</ref>
* [[August 23]]–[[August 24|24]] – The [[1929 Hebron massacre]]: 65–68 Jews are killed by Palestinians and the remaining Jews are forced to leave [[Hebron]].
* [[August 29]]
** The [[1929 Palestine riots]]: 18–20 Jews are killed in [[Safed]] by Palestinian Arabs.
** The {{SS|San Juan}} collides with the oil tanker ''S.C.T. Dodd'' off the [[California]] coast, causing the ''San Juan'' to sink in 3 minutes, killing 77 people.
* [[August 31]] – The [[Young Plan]], which sets the total [[World War I reparations]] owed by Germany at [[US$]]26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years, is finalized.

=== September ===
{{Main|September 1929}}
* [[September 3]] – The [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] peaks at 381.17, a height it would not reach again until [[November]] [[1954]].
* [[September 5]] – [[Aristide Briand]] presents his plan for the ''United States of Europe''.
* [[September 7]] – The [[steamship]] [[SS Kuru|SS ''Kuru'']] sank in [[Lake Näsijärvi]] near [[Tampere]], [[Finland]], leading to 138 people drowning.<ref>Erkki Laitinen: ''Kurun historia 1919–1985. Vanhan Ruoveden historia III: 52'', p. 272. Kurun kunta, 1992. (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[September 17]] – A coup ousts [[Augustinas Voldemaras]] from his prime minister position in [[Lithuania]]; he is replaced by the brother-in-law of President [[Antanas Smetona]], [[Juozas Tūbelis]].
* [[September 30]] – [[Fritz von Opel]] pilots the first [[rocket-powered aircraft]], the [[Opel RAK.1]], in front of a large crowd in [[Frankfurt am Main]].

=== October ===
{{Main|October 1929}}
[[File:Crowd outside nyse.jpg|thumb|120px|[[October 24]]–[[October 29|29]]: [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|The Wall Street Crash of 1929]], the beginning of the [[Great Depression]].]]

* [[October 3]] – The country officially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes changes its name to [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]].
* [[October 6]] – [[Serie A]], the top-class professional football league of [[Italy]], replaces the Divisione Nazionale.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
* [[October 12]] – [[1929 Australian federal election]]: The [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]], led by [[James Scullin]], defeats the [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] [[Third Bruce Ministry|Government]], led by [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Stanley Bruce]]. Scullin will be sworn in on [[October 22]]. Notably, this is the first occasion in Australian political history where a sitting prime minister loses his own seat (the second being [[John Howard]] in [[2007 Australian federal election|2007]]).
*[[October 13]] – [[Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)|Afghan Civil War]] ends.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJpXJXOno9IC|title=Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising|last1=Muḥammad|first1=Fayz̤|last2=Hazārah|first2=Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib|date=1999|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=9781558761551|pages=274–6}}</ref>
* [[October 18]] – On appeal from the [[Supreme Court of Canada]]  on behalf of "[[The Famous Five (Canada)|The Famous Five]]" Canadian women in the landmark case of ''[[Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General)]]'', the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] in the United Kingdom announces that women are "persons" under the [[British North America Acts]], and thus eligible for appointment to the [[Senate of Canada]].
* [[October 22]] – The government of [[Aristide Briand]] falls in France.
* [[October 24]]–[[October 29|29]] – [[Wall Street Crash of 1929]]: Three multi-digit percentage drops wipe out more than $30&nbsp;billion from the New York Stock Exchange (10 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government).<ref>{{cite web|website=The Balance|title=Stock Market Crash of 1929 Facts, Causes, and Impact|access-date=March 28, 2020|author=KIMBERLY AMADEO|date=March 17, 2020 |url=https://www.thebalance.com/stock-market-crash-of-1929-causes-effects-and-facts-3305891}}</ref> 
* [[October 25]] – Former [[U.S. Interior Secretary]] [[Albert B. Fall]] is convicted of [[bribery]] for his role in the [[Teapot Dome scandal]], becoming the first Presidential cabinet member to go to prison for actions in office.

=== November ===
{{Main|November 1929}}
* [[November]] – [[Vladimir Zworykin]] takes out the first patent for color television.
* [[November 1]]
** An [[solar eclipse#Types|annular solar eclipse]] is seen over the Atlantic Ocean and Africa.
** [[Conscription in Australia]] ends.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzMZAr41dn4C|title=The Torch and the Sword: A History of the Army Cadet Movement in Australia|first=Craig|last=Stockings|pages=86|publisher=UNSW Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-86840-838-5}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] – In New York City, the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (MoMA) opens to the public. The first exhibition ''Cézanne, Gauguin, van Gogh and Seurat'' (November 7 – December 7) is seen by 47.000 visitors; the curator is Alfred H. Barr.
* [[November 15]] – ''[[Atlantic (film)|Atlantic]]'', a film drama about the [[Sinking of the RMS Titanic|sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'']], is released in the U.K. The simultaneously-shot German-language version is the first [[sound film]] feature to be released in Germany.
* [[November 18]] – The [[1929 Grand Banks earthquake]] occurs.<ref name="shunpiking.com">{{citation|title=The 1929 Tsunami In St. Lawrence, Newfoundland |url=http://www.shunpiking.com/ol0103/1929_Tsunami_in_NF.pdf |first=Alan |last=Ruffman |year=1997 |location=Ottawa |publisher=Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness |access-date=2013-02-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113024644/http://www.shunpiking.com/ol0103/1929_Tsunami_in_NF.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2013 }}</ref>
* [[November 29]] – [[Bernt Balchen]], U.S. Admiral [[Richard E. Byrd]], Captain Ashley McKinley and Harold June become the first to fly over the [[South Pole]].

=== December ===
{{Main|December 1929}}

* [[December 1929|December]] – [[New York (state)|New York]] toy salesman [[Edwin S. Lowe]] popularizes [[Bingo (U.S.)|Bingo]] after coming across the game of "Beano" in [[Atlanta]], Georgia. After someone accidentally yells "bingo" instead of "beano" with a group of friends in Brooklyn, New York, he begins production of the game, going on to develop more than 6,000 card combinations under the E. S. Lowe company, as the popularity of the game grows to become a national pastime.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/25/obituaries/edwin-s-lowe-75-toy-manufacturer-popularized-bingo.html|title=Edwin S. Lowe, 75; Toy Manufacturer Popularized Bingo|date=February 25, 1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 1, 2019|ref=NYTObit}}</ref>
* [[December 27]] – Soviet General Secretary [[Joseph Stalin]] orders the "liquidation of the [[kulak]]s as a class".
* [[December 28]] – "[[Mau movement#Black Saturday|Black Saturday]]" in [[Samoa]]: New Zealand colonial police kill 11 unarmed demonstrators, an event which leads the [[Mau movement]] to demand independence for Samoa.<ref name=Meleisea>{{cite book|last=Meleisea|first=Malama|title=Lagaga: A Short History of Western Samoa|publisher=University of the South Pacific|year=1987|isbn=982-02-0029-6|pages=137–8}}</ref>
* [[December 29]] – The All India Congress in [[Lahore]] demands Indian [[independence]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration of Purna Swaraj (Indian National Congress, 1930) Archives |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/historical-constitution/declaration-of-purna-swaraj-indian-national-congress-1930/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Constitution of India |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* [[Slavery in Jordan]] is abolished.<ref>Clarence-Smith, W. (2020). Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. USA: Hurst.</ref>