Editing 1899 (section)

=== August ===
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[John Marshall Law School (Chicago)|John Marshall Law School]] is founded in Chicago.
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Japan rescinds its policy of [[extraterritoriality]] privileges to western nations that had operated [[consular court]]s to try cases against western nationals under western law.<ref>Donald Keene, ''Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912'' (Columbia University Press, 2005) p. 553</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; Automotive mechanic [[Henry Ford]] incorporates the [[Detroit Automobile Company]]. While the company failed, it establishes [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], as the site for U.S. car manufacturing and provided a model for the [[Ford Motor Company]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130415004346/http://hfha.org/HenryFord.htm%23Ford-Motor-Co "The Ford Story"], Henry Ford Heritage Association</ref>
* [[August 6]] &ndash; Near [[Stratford, Connecticut]], 36 people are killed when a trolley falls off of a trestle and lands upside down in a pond 40 feet below.<ref>"Car Falls and 36 Are Killed— Disaster on a New Trolley Line Near Bridgeport", ''The New York Times'', August 7, 1899, p. 1 {{ProQuest|95737557}}</ref>
* [[August 7]]
** [[Dreyfus affair]]: The retrial of French Army Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]] before a court-martial opens.
** Governance of the island of [[Guam]], under the administration of the [[United States Department of the Navy]], begins.<ref>[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/comnavmarianas.htm "U.S. Naval Forces, Marianas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811141829/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/comnavmarianas.htm |date=August 11, 2022 }}, GlobalSecurity.org</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[1899 San Ciriaco hurricane|San Ciriaco hurricane]] strikes [[Puerto Rico]] and leaves 250,000 people homeless.<ref>"At Least 5,000 Lives Lost— Exact Puerto Rican Hurricane Figures May Never Be Known", ''The New York Times'', August 31, 1899, p. 4</ref> The official death toll is later listed as 3,369 people.<ref>[http://latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/hurricane.pdf "The Hurricane of San Ciriaco: Disaster, Politics, Society in Puerto Rico, 1899–1901"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141545/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/hurricane.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405112411/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/hurricane.pdf |archive-date=2005-04-05 |url-status=live |date=March 5, 2016 }}, by Stuart B. Schwartz, ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' (1992)</ref>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Marshall Taylor|Marshall "Major" Taylor]] wins the world {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on}} professional cycling championship in [[Montreal]], securing his place as the first [[African American]] world champion in any sport.<ref>{{cite web|title=Professional Information|url=http://www.majortaylor.com/page3.html|publisher=The Major Taylor Society|access-date=2012-01-23|archive-date=February 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211172824/http://www.majortaylor.com/page3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 12]] &ndash; South African Republic General [[Jan Smuts]] makes a final initiative to avert the outbreak of what will become the [[Second Boer War]], meeting in [[Pretoria]] with the British charge d'affaires, [[Conyngham Greene]].<ref>David Brock Katz, ''General Jan Smuts and his First World War in Africa, 1914–1917'' (Casemate Publishers, 2022) p.14</ref>
* [[August 13]] &ndash; The battle for the Philippine city of [[Angeles City|Angeles]] begins. The U.S. captures the area, the future site of [[Clark Air Base|Clark Air Force Base]], by August 16.<ref>"Luzon Campaigns", by Jerry Keenan and Spencer C. Tucker, in ''The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History'' (ABC-CLIO, 2009)</ref>
* [[August 17]] &ndash; Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]] issues the 9-article International Declaration declaring that, as "the great emperor of Korea", he has "infinite military authority" as well as absolute power to enact laws.<ref>[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0014933 "Korean International"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910112847/http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0014933 |date=September 10, 2022 }}, in Encyclopedia of Korean Culture [출처: 한국민족문화대백과사전(Korea International)] (in Korean)</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; Llest Colliery explosion at Pontyrhyl in the [[South Wales coalfield]] of the U.K. kills 19 miners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Llest Colliery Explosion - Pontyrhyl - 1899|url=https://www.nmrs.org.uk/mines-map/accidents-disasters/glamorganshire/llest-colliery-explosion-pontyrhyl-1899/|work=Northern Mine Research Society|accessdate=2023-06-06}}</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The [[Kiram–Bates Treaty]] is signed in the [[Philippines]], with U.S. forces recognizing the autonomy of local governments in the [[Sulu Archipelago]] (within the [[Mindanao]] island group) in return for the Sultan's assistance in suppressing attacks on U.S. forces.
* [[August 23]]  &ndash; The first ship-to-shore test of a wireless radio transmission is made from the U.S. lightship ''LV 70'', with the sending of Morse code signals to a receiving station near San Francisco.<ref>Betty S. Veronico, ''Images of America: Lighthouses of the Bay Area'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2008) p. 34</ref>
* [[August 28]] &ndash; At least 512 people are killed when a debris hill from the [[Sumitomo]] [[Besshi copper mine]] at [[Niihama]], [[Shikoku]], Japan, collapses.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jørs|first1=Erik|last2=Thomsen|first2=Jane Froelund|date=2017|title=Mining occupational safety and health: hazards and good practices in formal and informal mining|journal=Mining Occupational Safety and Health|publisher=BMJ Publishing Group Ltd|doi=10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.695|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[August 30]] &ndash; After taking over the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic, [[Santiago de los Caballeros]], revolutionists proclaim [[Horacio Vásquez]] as the nation's President in rebel-controlled territory. At the same time in the capital at [[Santo Domingo]], president [[Wenceslao Figuereo]] steps down after only five weeks in office.<ref>"Rebels Elect a President— Provisional Dominican Revolutionary Government Is Formed", ''The New York Times'', August 31, 1899, p. 7</ref>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; The [[Olympique de Marseille]] association football club is founded in [[France]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/jan/06/marseille-ultras-rule-temptation-never-far-away|title=Only in Marseille: where ultras rule and temptation is never far away {{!}} Philippe Auclair|last=Auclair|first=Philippe|date=2015-01-06|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-11-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>