Editing 1863 (section)

===August===
* [[August 1]]
** At the suggestion of Senator [[Johan Vilhelm Snellman|J. V. Snellman]] and the order of Emperor [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]], full rights are promised to the [[Finnish language]] by a language regulation in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]].<ref>{{cite book| author= Olavi Junnila | title= Suomen historia 5 | year= 1986 | chapter= Autonomian rakentaminen ja kansallisen nousun aika | page= 151 | location = Helsinki | publisher= Weilin + Göös | isbn= 951-35-2494-9 | language = fi}}</ref> 
** The [[pharmaceutical]] brand [[Bayer]] is founded by [[Friedrich Bayer]] in [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bayer.com/en/history/history|title=History of Bayer|website=Bayer|access-date= 11 January 2023}}</ref>
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Otago Boys' High School]] is founded in New Zealand.
* [[August 8]] &ndash; American Civil War: Following his defeat in the [[Battle of Gettysburg]], General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President [[Jefferson Davis]] (Davis refuses the request upon receipt).
* [[August 15]]&ndash;[[August 17|17]] &ndash; [[Bombardment of Kagoshima]]: The British [[Royal Navy]] bombards the town of [[Kagoshima]] in Japan in retribution, after the [[Namamugi Incident]] of [[1862]].
* [[August 16]] &ndash; After Spain's annexation of the [[Dominican Republic]], rebels raise the [[Flag of the Dominican Republic|Dominican flag]] in [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]] to begin the [[Dominican Restoration War]].

[[American Civil War]]: 
** [[August 17]] &ndash; In [[Charleston, South Carolina]], Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held [[Fort Sumter]] (the bombardment does not end until [[December 31]]).
** [[August 21]] &ndash; 
** [[Battle of Lawrence]]: [[Lawrence, Kansas]], is attacked by [[William Quantrill]]'s raiders, who kill an estimated 200 men and boys. The raid becomes notorious in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War.
** The American clipper ship ''Anglo Saxon'' (westbound) is captured and burned by [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[privateer]] ''Florida'' off the south coast of Ireland.<ref>{{cite book|first=Daniel J.|last=Nolan|title=Clippers: the ships that shaped the world|publisher=Malbay Publishing|year=2011|location=Bray|isbn=978-1-908726-00-1|page=97}}</ref>
* [[August 26]] &ndash; The Swedish-language liberal newspaper ''Helsingfors Dagblad'' proposes a blue-and-white cross as the [[flag of Finland]].<ref>[https://www.iltalehti.fi/suomi100/a/201701172200054989 IL: Keltaristilippumme! Suomen lipuksi oli tyrkyllä monenlaisia yritelmiä - katso kuvat] (in Finnish)</ref>