Editing 12th century (section)

===[[1170s]]===
[[File:BattagliaLegnano.jpg|thumb|right|The defense of the [[Carroccio]] during the [[battle of Legnano]] (1176) by [[Amos Cassioli]] (1832–1891)]]
* [[1170]]: The [[Treaty of Sahagún (1170)|Treaty of Sahagún]] is signed by [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] and [[Alfonso II of Aragon]]. Based on the terms of the accord, Alfonso VIII agrees to provide Alfonso II with three hostages, to be used as tribute payments owed by Ibn Mardanīš of Valencia and Murcia.
* [[1170]]: On December 29, [[Thomas Becket]] is murdered in [[Canterbury Cathedral]].
* [[1171]]: [[Saladin]] deposes the last [[Fatimid]] Caliph [[Al-'Āḍid]] and establishes the [[Ayyubid dynasty]].
* [[1171]]: On November 11, [[Henry II of England]] lands in Ireland to assert his claim as Lord of Ireland.
* [[1172]]: The [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyan]] city of [[Madurai]] is sacked by the [[Lankapura Dandanatha|Sinhalese army]] due to an attempt to drive off the rival throne claimant, [[Kulasekara Pandyan]].
* [[1173]]: [[Sinhalese monarchy|Sinhalese king]] [[Parakramabahu I|Parakramabahu the Great]] gains a decisive victory by invading the [[Chola dynasty|Chola Empire]] as an ally of the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]] in the [[Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177)|Pandyan Civil War]].
* [[1174]]: On July 12, [[William I of Scotland]] is captured by the English in the [[Battle of Alnwick (1174)|Battle of Alnwick]]. He accepts the feudal overlordship of the English crown and pays ceremonial allegiance at York.
* [[1175]]: [[Hōnen|Hōnen Shōnin]] (Genkū) founds the [[Jodo shu|Jōdo shū]] (Pure Land) sect of Buddhism.
* [[1175]]: The [[Treaty of Windsor (1175)|Treaty of Windsor]] is signed by King [[Henry II of England]] and the High King of Ireland, [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]].
* [[1176]]: On May 29, [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa's]] forces are defeated in the [[Battle of Legnano]] by the [[Lombard League]] which results in the emperor's acknowledgment of the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States and Alexander acknowledging the emperor's overlordship of the imperial Church.
* [[1176]]: On September 17, The [[Battle of Myriokephalon]] (Myriocephalum; Turkish: Miryakefalon Savaşı) is fought between the [[Byzantine Empire]] and the [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm|Seljuk Turks]] in [[Phrygia]]. It is a serious reversal for the Byzantine forces and will be the final, unsuccessful, effort by the Byzantines to recover the interior of [[Anatolia]] from the Seljuk Turks.
* [[1177]]: The [[Treaty of Venice|Treaty or Peace of Venice]] is signed by the papacy and its allies, and [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily also participates in negotiations and the treaty thereby determines the political course of all of Italy for the next several years.
* [[1178]]: Chinese writer Zhou Qufei, a [[Guangzhou]] customs officer, writes of an island far west in the Indian Ocean (possibly [[Madagascar]]), from where people with skin "as black as lacquer" and with frizzy hair were captured and purchased as slaves by Arab merchants.
* [[1179]]: The [[Treaty of Cazola]] (Cazorla) is signed by [[Alfonso II of Aragon]] and [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]], dividing Andalusia into separate zones of conquest for the two kingdoms, so that the work of the [[Reconquista]] would not be stymied by internecine feuding.