Editing Encyclopedia:Manual of Style (section)

===Punctuation and footnotes===
{{Shortcut|MOS:CITEPUNCT|MOS:PUNCTFOOT|MOS:REFPUNCT|MOS:PUNCTREF|MOS:REFSPACE|MOS:PF}}
{{See also|Wikipedia:Citing sources}}
'''Reference tags''' ({{tag|ref}}) are used to create ''[[Help:Footnotes|footnotes]]'' (also called ''endnotes'' or simply ''notes''), as [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Inline citations|citation footnotes]] and sometimes [[Help:Explanatory notes|explanatory notes]]. All reference tags should <em>immediately</em> follow the text to which the footnote applies, with no intervening space.{{efn|In unusual cases where a lack of spacing could create confusion, such as when a citation is immediately preceded by other superscripted text, a [[hair space]] can be inserted between a {{tag|ref}} tag and the content preceding it.}} Apart from the exceptions listed below, references are placed <em>after</em> adjacent punctuation, not before. Adjacent reference tags should have no space between them, nor should there be any between tags and [[:Category:Inline templates|inline dispute and cleanup templates]].

When reference tags are used, a [[Help:Footnotes#Creating the footnote list|footnote list]] must be added, and this is usually placed in the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout#Notes and references|References]] section, near the end of the article in the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout#Standard appendices and footers|standard appendices and footers]].

*<em>Example</em>: [[Flightless bird]]s have a reduced [[Keel (bird anatomy)|keel]],{{Dummy ref|10}} and they also have smaller wing bones than flying birds of similar size.{{Dummy ref|11}}{{Dummy ref|12}}

'''Exceptions''': Reference tags are placed <em>before</em> dashes, not after. If a footnote applies only to material within parentheses, the tags belong just before the closing parenthesis.
*<em>Example</em>: Paris is not the capital city of England{{snd}}the capital of which is London{{Dummy ref|10}}{{snd}}but that of France.{{Dummy ref|11}}
*<em>Example</em>: Kim Jong-un (Korean: {{lang|ko|김정은}}; Hanja: {{lang|ko-Hani|金正恩}}{{Dummy ref|10}}) is the [[Supreme Leader (North Korean title)|Supreme Leader of North Korea]].{{Dummy ref|11}}