Editing Munich (section)

==Transport==
Munich has an extensive public transport system consisting of an underground metro, trams, buses and high-speed rail. In 2015, the transport [[modal share]] in Munich was 38 percent public transport, 25 percent car, 23 percent walking, and 15 percent bicycle.<ref name="www.mvg.de">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mvg.de/dam/mvg/ueber/nachhaltigkeit/mvg-nachhaltigkeitsbericht-eng.pdf |title=Munich Transport Corporation (MVG) Sustainability Report 2014/2015 |website=www.mvg.de |access-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110183658/https://www.mvg.de/dam/mvg/ueber/nachhaltigkeit/mvg-nachhaltigkeitsbericht-eng.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its public transport system delivered 566 million passenger trips that year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Urban mobility 2030: How cities can realize the economic effects |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/urban%20mobility%202030%20berlin/urban%20mobility%202030%20berlin.ashx |access-date=29 February 2024 |website=McKinsey & Company |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730185308/https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Automotive%20and%20Assembly/Our%20Insights/Urban%20mobility%202030%20Berlin/Urban%20mobility%202030%20Berlin.ashx |url-status=live }}</ref>

Munich is the hub of a developed regional transportation system, including the second-largest airport in Germany and the [[Berlin–Munich high-speed railway]], which connects Munich to the German capital city with a journey time of about 4 hours. [[Flixmobility]] which offers intercity coach service is headquartered in Munich.

The trade fair [[Transport Logistic]] is held every two years at the ''Neue Messe München'' (Messe München International).

===Public transport===
[[File:Verkehrsnetz München.png|thumb|left|360px|Public transport network]]
[[File:MVG 2168 Munchen Ost 18-08-2007.jpg|thumb|right|A class R2 ''Straßenbahn'' (''Tram'') on route 19 at Ostbahnhof]]
[[File:S-bahn-muenchen.jpg|thumb|[[Munich S-Bahn|Munich's S-Bahn]] at the [[Munich Marienplatz station|Marienplatz station]]]]
For its urban population of 2.6&nbsp;million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have a comprehensive network of public transport incorporating the [[Munich U-Bahn]], the [[Munich S-Bahn]], trams and buses. The system is supervised by the [[Munich Transport and Tariff Association]] (''Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund''). The [[Munich tramway]] is the oldest existing public transportation system in the city, which has been in operation since 1876. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines. The average amount of time people spend commuting to and from work with public transit in Munich on a weekday is 56 min.{{citation needed||date=April 2023}}

The extensive network of subway and tram lines assists and complement pedestrian movement in the city centre. The 700m-long Kaufinger Straße, which starts near the Main train station, forms a pedestrian east–west spine that traverses almost the entire centre. Major spines and many smaller streets cover an extensive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot and bike. These attributes result from applying the principle of [[Permeability (spatial and transport planning)|filtered permeability]]. Pedestrian and bike paths, which permeate the entire Munich city centre, go through public squares and open spaces for enjoyment. Munich city centre was subject to [[urban planning]] and has a comprehensive model for laying out neighborhoods and districts according to [[grid plan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=NWC |title=Map of Munich transport: transport zones and public transport of Munich |url=https://munichmap360.com/munich-transport-map |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=munichmap360.com |language=EN |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030021317/https://munichmap360.com/munich-transport-map |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Cycling===
{{main|Cycling in Munich}}
[[File:Fahrradschild-bjs210429-02.jpg|thumb|Map of Munich's cycling network]]
Cycling has a strong presence in the city and is recognized as a good alternative. The growing number of [[Segregated cycle facilities|bicycle lanes]] are widely used throughout the year. Cycle paths can be found alongside the majority of sidewalks and streets, although the newer or renovated ones are much easier to tell apart from pavements than older ones. A modern [[Call a Bike|bike hire system]] is available within the area bounded by the ''Mittlerer Ring''.

===Cultural history trails and bicycle routes===
Since 2001, historically interesting places in Munich can be explored via the [[List of cultural history trails in Munich]] (''KulturGeschichtsPfade''). Sign-posted cycle routes are the Outer ''Äußere Radlring'' (outer cycle route) and the ''RadlRing München''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Kulturreferat/Stadtgeschichte/Kulturgeschichtspfade.html |title=Münchens Stadtbezirke entdecken |publisher=Landeshauptstadt München |language=de |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024195101/https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Kulturreferat/Stadtgeschichte/Kulturgeschichtspfade.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Munich Central Train Station===
{{Main|München Hauptbahnhof}}
München Hauptbahnhof is the central railway station located in the city centre and is the long-distance station in Munich.{{citation needed||date=April 2023}}

Munich Central Train Station serves about 450,000 passengers a day, which puts it on par with other large stations in Germany. Munich Central Train Station alongside [[München Ost railway station]] are two of the 21 stations in Germany classified by [[Deutsche Bahn]] as a [[German railway station categories|category 1 station]].

The central mainline station is a [[terminal station]] with 32 platforms. The subterranean [[Munich S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] with 2 platforms and [[Munich U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] stations with 6 platforms are through stations.{{citation needed||date=April 2023}}

The [[Intercity-Express]] (ICE) stop at Munich Central Train Station. [[InterCity]] and [[EuroCity]] trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at the München Ost railway station. Munich is connected to [[Nuremberg]] via [[Ingolstadt]] by the [[Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway]] and [[Berlin–Munich high-speed railway]].{{citation needed||date=April 2023}}

The old air raid shelter next to platform 11 of Munich Central Train Station was an important distribution point for [[guest worker]]s (''Gastarbeiter'') between 1960 and 1973. At peak more than 1,000 guest workers arrived per day, in total 1.8&nbsp;million guest workers passed through Munich Central Train Station.<ref>{{Cite book |title=We Are All Migrants: A History of Multicultural Germany |author=Jan Plamper |author-link=Jan Plamper |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009242288 |page=62}}</ref>

===Autobahns===
[[File:Karte Fernstraßen München.png|thumb|Munich [[Autobahn|motorway]] network]]

Munich is an integral part of the [[Autobahn]] network of southern Germany. Motorways from [[Stuttgart]] (W), [[Nuremberg]], [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]] and Berlin (N), [[Deggendorf]] and [[Passau]] (E), [[Salzburg]] and [[Innsbruck]] (SE), [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen|Garmisch Partenkirchen]] (S) and [[Lindau]] (SW) terminate at Munich, allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy.

Traffic is often very heavy in and around Munich. [[Traffic congestion]] are commonplace at the beginning and end of major Bavarian holidays. There are few "green waves" or [[roundabout]]s, and an abundance of construction sites.{{citation needed||date=April 2023}}

Munich has introduced an [[Traffic and Environmental Zone|environmental zone]] and was among the first German cities to require a [[green sticker]] for vehicles, these are a requirement when entering the city or driving in the wider surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Environmental Zone Munich|url= https://www.environmentalbadge.com/environmental-zone-munich/|website= environmentalbadge.com|access-date= 2 April 2023|archive-date= 10 August 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200810154808/https://www.environmentalbadge.com/environmental-zone-munich/|url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Air ===
====Munich International Airport====
[[File:Flughafen turm.png|thumb|[[Munich Airport|Munich International Airport]] (MUC)]]
[[Munich Airport|Franz Josef Strauss International Airport]] ([[International Air Transport Association|IATA]]: MUC, [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]]: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after [[London Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]], [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris Charles de Gaulle]], [[Frankfurt International Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Barajas Airport|Madrid]] and [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul Atatürk]]. It is used by about 46&nbsp;million passengers a year, and lies some {{cvt|30|km|mi|0}} north east of the city centre. It replaced the smaller [[Munich-Riem Airport]] in 1992. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines from the city. From the [[München Hauptbahnhof|main railway station]] the journey takes 40–45 minutes. A [[maglev (transport)|magnetic levitation train]] (called [[Transrapid]]), which was to have run at speeds of up to {{cvt|400|km/h|mph|0}} from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes, had been approved,<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany to build maglev railway |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7011932.stm |work=BBC News |date=25 September 2007 |access-date=7 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216162151/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7011932.stm |archive-date=16 February 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation and after heavy protests.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3219174,00.html |title=Germany Scraps Transrapid Rail Plans |work=Deutsche Welle |date=27 March 2008 |access-date=27 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328175125/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C2144%2C3219174%2C00.html |archive-date=28 March 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lufthansa]] opened its second hub at the airport when Terminal 2 was opened in 2003.

====Other airports====
In 2008, the Bavarian state government granted a licence to expand Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west of Munich, for commercial use. These plans were opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area as well as other branches of local government, including the city of Munich, which took the case to court.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merkur-online.de/nachrichten/bayern/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-rolle-rueckwaerts-mm-390304.html |title=Flughafen Oberpfaffenhofen: Rolle rückwärts – Bayern – Aktuelles – merkur-online |date=8 July 2009 |language=de |publisher=Merkur-online.de |access-date=25 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622185526/http://www.merkur-online.de/nachrichten/bayern/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-rolle-rueckwaerts-mm-390304.html |archive-date=22 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, in October 2009, the permit allowing up to 9725 business flights per year to depart from or land at Oberpfaffenhofen was confirmed by a regional judge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-business-jets-willkommen-1.142886 |title=Flughafen Oberpfaffenhofen – Business-Jets willkommen – München |date=17 May 2010 |publisher=sueddeutsche.de |access-date=25 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725102101/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-business-jets-willkommen-1.142886 |archive-date=25 July 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite being {{cvt|110|km|0}} from Munich, [[Memmingen Airport]] has been advertised as Airport Munich West. After 2005, passenger traffic of nearby [[Augsburg Airport]] was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach.