Editing Manchu language (section)

=== Postpositions ===
Some postpositions, such as ''baru'' "to", are not derived from other words, while others are originally declined forms of other parts of speech, such as nouns in a certain case (e.g. ''da'''de''''' "in addition to", lit. "in the base of") and converbs (''daha'''me''''' "according to", lit. "following"). Some, like ''dele'' "on top of", "top" are simply identical to nouns. Each postposition governs a certain noun case, with most, like ''baru'' "to", ''dergi'' "above" and ''sasa'' "with" governing the genitive, and two smaller groups governing the dative (e.g. ''isitala'' "until") and the ablative (e.g. ''amala'' "behind"). ''Jaka'' 'together with" takes the nominative. Postpositions may express place (''dergi'' "above"), time (''amari'' "after"), [[Comitative case|comitative]] meaning (''emgi'' "with"), causality (''jalinde'' "for the sake of"), similarity (''gele'' "like") or restriction (only ''teile'' "only", governing the genitive case, e.g. ''damu ilan sarhan’'''i''' '''teile''' ilan boo de tehe'' "only three women lived in three houses", lit. "only of three women only ...". Postpositions may govern participles, which then have the meaning of verbal nouns, and the postpositions themselves acquire a function similar to that of conjunctions (''sain ehe be tuwa'''ha''' '''manggi''''' "after having seen", from ''manggi'' "with, towards").<ref>Gorelova (2002: 344–351)</ref>