Editing Zanzibar (section)

== Demographics ==
[[File:Zanzibar Stone Town11.jpg|thumb|left|A street scene in Stone Town]]
[[File:Zanzibar Stone Town02.jpg|thumb|Produce vendors at a market]]
{{Historical populations
|title        = Population census of Zanzibar
|percentages=pagr
|1967|354815
|1977|476111
|1988|640685
|2002|984625
|2012|1303569
|2022|1889773
|source=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Tanzania-Cities.html |title=Tanzania: Regions and Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts |website=www.citypopulation.de |access-date=2019-08-13 |archive-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016210708/http://www.citypopulation.de/Tanzania-Cities.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanzania: Regions and Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/tanzania/cities/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.citypopulation.de |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210181817/http://www.citypopulation.de/en/tanzania/cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

The 2022 census is the most recent census for which results have been reported. The total population of Zanzibar was 1,889,773 people – with an annual growth rate of 3.8 percent.<ref>{{cite report |title=2022 Census: Administrative Units Population Distribution Report |publisher=Ministry of Finance and Planning, National Bureau of Statistics Tanzania |volume=1C |date=December 2022 |access-date=2024-05-13 |url=https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/publication/volume1c.pdf}}</ref> The population of [[Zanzibar City]], which was the largest city, was 219,007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/tanzania/admin/mjini_magharibi/5302__mjini_municipal/ |title=Mjini Municipal |website=citypopultation.de |access-date=2024-05-13}}</ref>

In 2002, around two-thirds of the people, 622,459, lived on [[Unguja]] (Zanzibar Island), with most settled in the densely populated west. Besides Zanzibar City, other towns on Unguja include [[Chaani, Tanzania|Chaani]], [[Mbweni, Zanzibar|Mbweni]], [[Mangapwani]], [[Chwaka]], and [[Nungwi]]. Outside of these towns, most people live in small villages and are engaged in farming or fishing.<ref name="guide">{{cite web |title=People and Culture – Zanzibar Travel Guide |url=http://www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1844 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718151338/http://www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1844 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=27 August 2010 |publisher=Zanzibar-travel-guide.com}}</ref>

The population of [[Pemba Island]] was 362,166.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/pemba.htm |title=2002 Population and Housing Census General Report: Pemba |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610161809/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/pemba.htm |archive-date=10 June 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest town on the island was [[Chake-Chake]], with a population of 19,283. The smaller towns are [[Wete]] and [[Mkoani]].<ref name=guide/>

[[Mafia Island]], the other major island of the Zanzibar Archipelago but administered by mainland Tanzania (Tanganyika), had a total population of 40,801.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/mafia.htm |title=2002 Population and Housing Census General Report: Mafia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610180829/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/mafia.htm |archive-date=10 June 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Ethnic origins ===
The people of Zanzibar are of diverse ethnic origins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zanzinet.org/zanzibar/people/people.html |title=Zanzibar People and Culture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045310/http://www.zanzinet.org/zanzibar/people/people.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The first permanent residents of Zanzibar seem to have been the ancestors of the [[Bantus|Bantu]] [[Hadimu]] and [[Tumbatu]], who began arriving from the [[African Great Lakes]] mainland around AD 1000. They belonged to various mainland ethnic groups and on Zanzibar, generally lived in small villages. They did not coalesce to form larger political units.

During Zanzibar's brief period of independence in the early 1960s, the major political cleavage was between the [[Shirazi people|Shirazi]] (Zanzibar Africans), who made up approximately 56% of the population, and the Zanzibar Arabs&mdash;the bulk of whom arrived from Oman in the 1800s&mdash;made up approximately 17%.<ref name=growup1>{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research on War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zanzibar |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zanzibar |publisher=ETH Zurich |access-date=24 October 2018 |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005010219/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zanzibar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=growup2>{{cite journal |author=Sheriff, Abdul |title=Race and Class in the Politics of Zanzibar |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=301–318 |jstor=40174901 |year=2001}}</ref> Today, Zanzibar is inhabited mostly by ethnic [[Swahili people|Swahili]].<ref name="guide"/> There are also a number of [[Arabs]], as well as some ethnic [[Persian people|Persian]], [[Somalis]], and [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa|Indian]] people.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/tanzania/127939.htm Tanzania (08/09)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005010223/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/tanzania/127939.htm |date=5 October 2021 }} . U.S. Department of State.</ref>

=== Languages ===
==== Swahili ====
Zanzibaris speak [[Swahili language|Swahili]] (Kiswahili), a [[Bantu languages|Bantu language]] that is extensively spoken in the [[African Great Lakes]] region. Swahili is the de facto [[National language|national]] and [[official language]] of Tanzania. Many local residents also speak [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]].<ref>Chris McIntyre and Susan McIntyre, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zlqv0gSkk-kC&dq=purest+form+of+swahili+zanzibar&pg=PA36 "Zanzibar, Pemba, and Mafia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112064543/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zlqv0gSkk-kC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=purest+form+of+swahili+zanzibar&source=bl&ots=mO3h6Xd7Ao&sig=yPmOLFlSPZC44LfT6c_vyOKooKw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fRvPUOHFM67piwLy6YD4Bg&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=purest%20form%20of%20swahili%20zanzibar&f=false |date=12 January 2023 }}, ''Bradt Travel Guide'', 2009, p. 36.</ref> 
The dialect of Swahili spoken in Zanzibar is called [[Kiunguja]]. Kiunguja, which has a high percentage of Arabic loanwords, has the status of Standard Swahili not in Tanzania only but also in other countries, where Swahili is spoken.<ref name="Sarali Gintsburg 2018">Sarali Gintsburg (2018) Arabic language in Zanzibar: past, present, and future, Journal of World Languages, 5:2, 81–100, {{doi|10.1080/21698252.2019.1570663}}.</ref>

==== Arabic ====
Three distinct varieties of Arabic are in use in Zanzibar: Standard Arabic, [[Omani Arabic]] and [[Hadrami Arabic]]. Both vernacular varieties are falling out of use, although the Omani one is spoken by a larger group of people (probably, several hundreds). In parallel to this, [[Standard Arabic]], traditionally associated with the [[Quran]] and [[Islam]], is very popular not only among ethnic Arabs but also among Muslims of various descent who inhabit Zanzibar. Nevertheless, Standard Arabic is mastered by very few people. This can be attributed to the aggressive policy of [[Swahilization|Swahilisation]]. The Arabic language it is no longer the dominant spoken language.<ref name="Sarali Gintsburg 2018"/>

=== Religion ===
{{See also|Islam in Zanzibar}}
[[File:The mosque and church are located closely in the stone city of Zanzibar.jpg|left|thumb|The main mosque and [[Christ Church, Zanzibar|Christ Church]] Anglican cathedral in [[Stone Town]]]]
[[File:Temple at Zanzibar.jpg|thumb|right|Hindu temple in Stone Town]]
{{Bar box
| title=Zanzibar religions (2010 est.)
| titlebar=#ddd
| float=right
| bars=
{{Bar percent|Islam|green|98}}
{{Bar percent|Christianity|blue|1.16}}
{{Bar percent|Hinduism|purple|0.3}}
{{Bar percent|Indigenous|brown|0.54}}
| caption=Source: [[CIA World Factbook]]<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

Zanzibar's population is almost entirely Muslim, with a small Christian minority of around 22 000.<ref name="cia.gov"/> Other religious groups include [[Hindus]], [[Jainism|Jains]] and [[Sikhs]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Keshodkar |first=Akbar |date=2010-03-29 |title=Marriage as the Means to Preserve 'Asian-ness': The Post-Revolutionary Experience of the Asians of Zanzibar |journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=226–240 |doi=10.1177/0021909609357418 |s2cid=143909800 |issn=0021-9096}}</ref>

The [[Anglican Diocese of Zanzibar]] was founded in 1892. The first Bishop of Zanzibar was [[Charles Smythies]], who was translated from his former post as Bishop of [[Nyasaland]].

Christ Church Cathedral had fallen into poor condition by the late 20th century, but it was fully restored in 2016, at a cost of one million [[Euros]], with a world heritage visitor centre. The restoration was supported by the Tanzanian and Zanzibari governments, and overseen by the diocese in partnership with the [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>Progress report and photographs at [http://www.zanzibaranglican.or.tz/progress-update/ this] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628101223/http://www.zanzibaranglican.or.tz/progress-update/ |date=28 June 2017 }} webpage.</ref> The restoration of the spire, clock, and historic [[Henry Willis & Sons|Willis]] organ are still outstanding. Historically the diocese included mainland locations in [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]]. In 1963, it was renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Dar es Salaam. Two years later, in 1965, Dar es Salaam became a separate diocese. The original jurisdiction was renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Tanga. In 2001, the mainland links were finally ended, and it is now known as the Diocese of Zanzibar. The diocese includes parishioners on the neighbouring island of [[Pemba Island|Pemba]]. Ten bishops have served in the diocese from 1892 to the present day. The bishop is Michael Hafidh. It is part of the Province of Tanzania, under the Archbishop of All Tanzania, based at Dodoma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mndolwa |first1=Maimbo |last2=Denis |first2=Philippe |date=November 2016 |title=Anglicanism, Uhuru and Ujamaa: Anglicans in Tanzania and the Movement for Independence |journal=[[Journal of Anglican Studies]] |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=192–209 |doi=10.1017/S1740355316000206 |issn=1740-3553|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Zanzibar]], with its headquarters at the [[St. Joseph's Cathedral, Zanzibar|St. Joseph's Cathedral]] in Stone Town, was established in 1980. An apostolic vicariate of Zanzibar had been established in 1906, from a much larger East African jurisdiction. This was suppressed in 1953, when the territory was put under control of the Kenyan church, but it was restored in 1964 after independence. The church created a diocese here shortly before [[Easter]] 1980. The bishop is Augustine Ndeliakyama Shao. Zanzibar is part of the Roman Catholic Province of Dar es Salaam, under the Archbishop of Dar es Salaam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://daressalaamarchdiocese.or.tz/en/historical-background/ |title=Historical Background |website=Dar es Salaam Archdiocese |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127015102/http://daressalaamarchdiocese.or.tz/en/historical-background/ |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>

Other Christian denominations include the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania which arrived in Zanzibar town in the 1960s,<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Lutheran Church on the coast of Tanzania, 1887–1914 : with special reference to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania, Synod of Uzaramo-Uluguru |last=Sicard, Sigvard von. |date=1970 |publisher=Gleerup |oclc=1100148145}}</ref> and a wide range of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christian churches such as the Tanzania Assemblies of God, the Free Pentecostal Church of Tanzania, the Evangelical Assemblies of God, the Pentecostal Church of Tanzania, the Victory Church and the Pentecostal Evangelistic Fellowship of Africa. Pentecostal-Charismatic churches have been present and growing in Zanzibar since the 1980s in relation to [[economic liberalization]] and increased labour migration from mainland Tanzania in connection to Zanzibar's expanding tourist sector. There are also [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh Day Adventist]] and [[Baptists|Baptist]] churches.<ref>{{Citation |last=Olsson |first=Hans |chapter=Narratives of Pentecostal (Non-)Belonging |date=2019-07-04 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-40681-0 |doi=10.1163/9789004410367_008 |title=Jesus for Zanzibar: Narratives of Pentecostal (Non-)Belonging, Islam, and Nation |pages=224–233 |s2cid=204477650}}</ref>

Since 2005, there is also an inter-religious body called the Joint Committee of Religious Leaders for Peace (in Swahili ''Juhudi za Viongozi wa Dini kuimarisha Amani'') with representatives from Muslim institutions such as the Islamic law (''Kadhi'' courts), religious property (the ''Wakf'' and Trust commission), education (the Muslim academy) and the ''[[Mufti]]'''s office as well as representatives from the Roman Catholic, the Anglican and the Lutheran church.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Peace in Zanzibar |last=Langås|first=Arngeir|date=2019-04-12 |publisher=Peter Lang US |isbn=978-1-4331-5969-5 |doi=10.3726/b14434 |s2cid=188527686}}</ref>

;Places of worship 
The [[places of worship]] in the city are predominantly [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques.<ref>Britannica,
[https://www.britannica.com/place/Tanzania Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118092659/https://www.britannica.com/place/Tanzania |date=18 January 2020 }}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 5 January 2020</ref> There are also [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples: [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Zanzibar]] ([[Catholic Church]]), [[Anglican Church of Tanzania]] ([[Anglican Communion]]), [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania]] ([[Lutheran World Federation]]), [[Baptist Convention of Tanzania]] ([[Baptist World Alliance]]), [[Assemblies of God]].