Editing Yorkshire (section)

====500s–800s: Celtic-Anglo kingdoms of Ebrauc, Elmet, Deira and Northumbria====
After the Romans left, small Celtic kingdoms arose in the region, including the kingdoms of [[Deira]] to the east (domain of settlements near [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]] on [[River Derwent, Yorkshire|Derwent]]), [[Ebrauc]] (domain of York) around the north and [[Elmet]] to the west. The latter two were successors of land south-west and north-east of the former [[Brigantia (ancient region)|Brigantia]] capital.

[[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] (hailing from southern Denmark and northern Germany, probably along with Swedish [[Geats]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Beowulf and other Viking ancestors |url=https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/2014/05/06/episode-42-beowulf-and-other-viking-ancestors/ |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=History of English podcast|date=29 September 2016 }}</ref>) consolidated (merging [[History of York|Ebrauc]]) under Deira, with York as capital. This in turn was grouped with [[Bernicia]], another former [[Celtic Britons|Celtic]]-[[Brigantes]] kingdom that was north of the [[River Tees]] and had come to be headed by [[Bamburgh]], to form [[Northumbria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsBritain/BritainEbrauc.htm|publisher=HistoryFiles.co.uk|title=Ebrauc|access-date=25 October 2007|archive-date=30 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224200/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsBritain/BritainEbrauc.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/BritishElmet.htm|publisher=HistoryFiles.co.uk|title=Elmet|access-date=25 October 2007|archive-date=1 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001181311/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/BritishElmet.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Elmet had remained independent from the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] Angles until some time in the early 7th century, when King [[Edwin of Northumbria]] expelled its last king, Certic, and annexed the region to his Deira region. The Celts never went away, but were assimilated. This explains the existence of many Celtic placenames in Yorkshire today, such as [[Kingston upon Hull]] and [[Pen-y-ghent]].<ref>{{cite web |title=What's in a Dales name? |url=https://www.dalesdiscoveries.com/more-inspiration/53-whats-in-a-dales-name |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=Dales Discoveries}}</ref>

As well as the Angles and Geats, other settlers included [[Frisians]] (thought to have founded [[New Fryston|Fryston]] and [[Frizinghall]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Settlers in Northumbria |url=https://www.wilcuma.org.uk/northumbria/settlers-in-northumbria/ |access-date=5 July 2022|website=Wilcuma}}</ref>), [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]], [[Franks]] and [[Huns]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Were there Huns in Anglo-Saxon England? Some thoughts on Bede, Priscus & Attila |url=https://www.caitlingreen.org/2015/07/were-there-huns-in-anglo-saxon-england.html#fn3 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=caitlyngreen.org}}</ref>

At its greatest extent, Northumbria stretched from the [[Irish Sea]] to the [[North Sea]] and from [[Edinburgh]] down to [[Hallamshire]] in the south.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/anglosaxons/invasion/invind3.shtml|publisher=BBC|title=The Anglo-Saxons|access-date=25 October 2007|archive-date=17 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017151323/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/anglosaxons/invasion/invind3.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>