Editing Yerba mate (section)

===Cancer===
[[File:Oesophageal Cancer, Age-Standardized Rate (World) per 100.000 of Incidence Cases, Both sexes, Worldwide in 2022.svg|thumb|Incidence of oesophageal cancer in both sex per 100.000 population ([[Age standardisation|age-standardized]] rate) in 2022 {{legend|#cfe1f2|0–1}}
{{legend|#93c3df|1–1.8}}
{{legend|#4b97c9|1.8–2.9}}
{{legend|#1864aa|2.9–4.2}}
{{legend|#08306b|4.2–17.9}}
{{legend|#4F4F4F|No data / Not applicable}}]]
Hot mate consumption is associated with [[oesophageal cancer]]. Very hot beverages (above 65°C) are classified by the [[International Agency for Research on Cancer]] (IARC) as ''probably carcinogenic to humans'' ([[IARC group 2A|group 2A]]), which also includes hot mate, as it is typically consumed at a temperature of 70°C. This classification indicates that the link between very hot beverage consumption and cancer is likely, but the proportion of oesophageal cancer cases due to drinking very hot beverages is not yet known.<ref name="IARC News-15/06/2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.iarc.who.int/media-centre-iarc-news-drinking-very-hot-beverages/ |title=FACT SHEET: CANCER OF THE OESOPHAGUS AND DRINKING VERY HOT BEVERAGES| volume= 116 |date=2016-06-15 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=[[International Agency for Research on Cancer]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240429053159/https://www.iarc.who.int/media-centre-iarc-news-drinking-very-hot-beverages/ |archive-date=2024-04-29 |url-status=live |format=}}</ref> 
There is no such association for cold mate and, in general, preparations under 65°C are not considered carcinogenic and are evaluated as ''not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans'' ([[IARC group 3|group 3]]).<ref name="IARC-Book-2018">{{Cite book |title=Drinking Coffee, Mate, and Very Hot Beverages |year=2018 |publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer |isbn=978-92-832-0183-0 |url=https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Drinking-Coffee-Mate-And-Very-Hot-Beverages-2018 |format= |issn=1017-1606 |author-link=International Agency for Research on Cancer |access-date=2024-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429063524/https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Drinking-Coffee-Mate-And-Very-Hot-Beverages-2018 |archive-date=29 April 2024 |url-status=live |archive-format=}}</ref><ref name="Loomis-2016">{{cite journal |last1=Loomis |first1=Dana |last2=Guyton |first2=Kathryn Z |last3=Grosse |first3=Yann |last4=Lauby-Secretan |first4=Béatrice |last5=El Ghissassi |first5=Fatiha |last6=Bouvard |first6=Véronique |last7=Benbrahim-Tallaa |first7=Lamia |last8=Guha |first8=Neela |last9=Mattock |first9=Heidi |last10=Straif |first10=Kurt |title=Carcinogenicity of drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages |journal=[[The Lancet Oncology]] |date=July 2016 |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=877–878 |doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30239-X |pmid=27318851 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(16)30239-X/ |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Monographs-QA_Vol116.pdf |title=Q&A on Monographs Volume 116: Coffee, maté, and very hot beverages |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=[[International Agency for Research on Cancer]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429074410/https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Monographs-QA_Vol116.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-29 |url-status=live |year=2016 }}</ref><ref name="IARC-Press Release 244">{{Cite web |url=https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr244_E.pdf |title=PRESS RELEASE N° 244 - IARC Monographs evaluate drinking coffee, maté, and very hot beverages |date=2016-06-15 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=[[International Agency for Research on Cancer]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429055633/https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr244_E.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Benzo(a)pyrene Concentration in Processed Yerba Maté Leaves Sampled in 2006, 2008, and 2010 - Column Chart.svg|thumb|[[Column chart]] displaying [[Benzo(a)pyrene]] concentration in processed yerba mate leaves sampled in 2006, 2008, and 2010: {{legend|#8b5a2b|2006 batches}}
{{legend|#654321|2008 batches}}
{{legend|#423629|2010 batches}}]]
Since the traditional preparation of yerba mate leaves involves [[Smoking (cooking)|smoking]] them they contain a high number of [[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]] (PAHs), such as [[benzo(a)pyrene]], which are [[Carcinogen|carcinogenic]].<ref name="Golozar-2012">{{cite journal |last1=Golozar |first1=Asieh |last2=Fagundes |first2=Renato B. |last3=Etemadi |first3=Arash |last4=Schantz |first4=Michele M. |last5=Kamangar |first5=Farin |last6=Abnet |first6=Christian C. |last7=Dawsey |first7=Sanford M. |title=Significant Variation in the Concentration of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in ''Yerba Maté'' Samples by Brand, Batch, and Processing Method |journal=[[Environmental Science & Technology]] |date=18 December 2012 |volume=46 |issue=24 |pages=13488–13493 |doi=10.1021/es303494s |pmid=23101992 |pmc=3525749|bibcode=2012EnST...4613488G }}</ref>