Editing World government (section)

===Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)===
[[File:Immanuel Kant portrait c1790.jpg|thumb|right|Writing in 1795, [[Immanuel Kant]] considered World Citizenship to be a necessary step in establishing world peace.]]
In his essay "[[Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch]]" (1795), [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] describes three basic requirements for organizing human affairs to permanently abolish the threat of present and future war, and, thereby, help establish a new era of lasting peace throughout the world. Kant described his proposed peace program as containing two steps.

The "Preliminary Articles" described the steps that should be taken immediately, or with all deliberate speed:

# "No Secret Treaty of Peace Shall Be Held Valid in Which There Is Tacitly Reserved Matter for a Future War"
# "No Independent States, Large or Small, Shall Come under the Dominion of Another State by Inheritance, Exchange, Purchase, or Donation"
# "[[Standing army|Standing Armies]] Shall in Time Be Totally Abolished"
# "[[Government debt|National Debts]] Shall Not Be Contracted with a View to the External Friction of States"
# "No State Shall by Force Interfere with the [[Constitution]] or [[Government]] of Another State,
# "No State Shall, during War, Permit Such Acts of Hostility Which Would Make Mutual Confidence in the Subsequent Peace Impossible: Such Are the Employment of Assassins ({{Lang|la|percussores}}), Poisoners ({{Lang|la|venefici}}), Breach of Capitulation, and Incitement to Treason ({{Lang|la|perduellio}}) in the Opposing State"

Three Definitive Articles would provide not merely a cessation of hostilities, but a foundation on which to build a peace.

# "The Civil Constitution of Every State Should Be Republican"
# "The Law of Nations Shall be Founded on a Federation of Free States"
# "The Law of [[Global citizenship|World Citizenship]] Shall Be Limited to Conditions of Universal Hospitality"
Kant argued against a world government on the grounds that it would be prone to tyranny.{{sfn|Deudney|2007|pp=10,155–6}} He instead advocated for league of independent republican states akin to the intergovernmental organizations that would emerge over a century and a half later.{{sfn|Deudney|2007|pp=10,155–6}}