Editing Wolof language (section)

==Orthography==
[[File:Church of the Pater Noster Mount of Olives, Jerusalem 19.jpg|thumb|The [[Lord's Prayer]] in Latin-script Wolof, [[Church of the Pater Noster]], Jerusalem. The letters ''ë'', ''é'', ''à'' and ''ñ'' are visible, as are [[geminate]] consonants and long double vowels.]]
''Note:'' Phonetic transcriptions are printed between [[square brackets]] <span style="letter-spacing:3px">[]</span> following the rules of the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA).

The [[Latin script|Latin]] orthography of Wolof in [[Senegal]] was set by government decrees between 1971 and 1985. The language institute "[[Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar]]" (CLAD) is widely acknowledged as an authority when it comes to spelling rules for Wolof. The complete alphabet is A, À, B, C, D, E, É, Ë, F, G, I, J, K, L, M, N, Ñ, Ŋ, O, Ó, P, Q, R, S, T, U, W, X, Y. The letters H, V, and Z are only used in foreign words.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jangileen.kalam-alami.net/lessons/prononciation|title=Orthographe et prononciation du wolof {{!}} Jangileen|website=jangileen.kalam-alami.net|language=fr|access-date=2017-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Dictionnaire wolof-français et français-wolof |last=Diouf |first=Jean-Léopold |date=2003|publisher=Karthala|isbn=284586454X|pages=35|oclc=937136481}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=J'apprends le wolof Damay jàng wolof |first1=Jean-Léopold |last1=Diouf |first2=Marina |last2=Yaguello |publisher=Karthala|isbn=2865372871|pages=11|oclc=938108174|date = January 1991}}</ref>

Wolof is most often written in this orthography, in which [[phoneme]]s have a clear one-to-one correspondence to [[grapheme]]s. Table below is the Wolof Latin alphabet and the corresponding phoneme. Highlighted letters are only used for loanwords and are not included in native Wolof words.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Wolof Latin alphabet
| A a || À à || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || Ë ë || F f || G g 
| bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | H h 
| I i || J j || K k || L l || M m 
|-
| {{IPAblink|ɐ}} || {{IPAblink|a}} ||{{IPAblink|b}} || {{IPAblink|c}} ||{{IPAblink|d}} ||{{IPAblink|ɛ}} || {{IPAblink|e}} || {{IPAblink|ə}} ||{{IPAblink|f}} ||{{IPAblink|ɡ}} 
| bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |  ({{IPAblink|h}}) 
| {{IPAblink|i}} ||{{IPAblink|ɟ}} ||{{IPAblink|k}} ||{{IPAblink|l}} ||{{IPAblink|m}} 
|-
| N n || Ñ ñ || Ŋ ŋ || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r || S s || T t || U u
| bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | V v 
| W w || X x|| Y y 
| bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | Z z
|-
| {{IPAblink|n}} || {{IPAblink|ɲ}} || {{IPAblink|ŋ}} || {{IPAblink|ɔ}} || {{IPAblink|o}} ||{{IPAblink|p}} ||{{IPAblink|q}}||{{IPAblink|r}} ||{{IPAblink|s}} ||{{IPAblink|t}} ||{{IPAblink|u}} 
| bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |  ({{IPAblink|w}})
|{{IPAblink|w}}||{{IPAblink|x}} ||{{IPAblink|j}}
| bgcolor="#FFEFD5" |  ({{IPAblink|ɟ}}) 
|}

The [[Arabic script|Arabic]]-based script of Wolof, referred to as [[Wolofal alphabet|Wolofal]], was set by the government as well, between 1985 and 1990, although never adopted by a decree, as the effort by the Senegalese ministry of education was to be part of a multi-national standardization effort.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Lorna A |last1=Priest |first2=Martin |last2=Hosken |author3=SIL International |author3-link=SIL International |title=''Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages'' |date=12 August 2010 |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf |pages=13–18, 34–37}}</ref> This alphabet has been used since pre-colonial times, as the first writing system to be adopted for Wolof, and is still used by many people, mainly Imams and their students in Quranic and Islamic schools.

{| class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl"
|+ Wolofal (Arabic) alphabet<ref name="Currah">Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ''ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL''. [http://currah.download/pages/ajamisenegal/orthographe_wolofal_harmattan_26-aout-2015_a4.pdf Link] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230512170510/http://currah.download/pages/ajamisenegal/orthographe_wolofal_harmattan_26-aout-2015_a4.pdf Archive])</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Lorna A |last1=Priest |first2=Martin |last2=Hosken |author3=SIL International |author3-link=SIL International |title=''Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages'' |date=12 August 2010 |url=http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3882.pdf |pages=13–18, 34–37}}</ref>
|-
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ا}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|∅}}/{{IPAblink|ʔ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ب}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|b}} 
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ݒ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|p}} 
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ت}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|t}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ݖ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|c}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ث}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|s}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ج}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɟ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ح}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|h}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|خ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|x}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|د}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|d}} 
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ذ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɟ}}~{{IPAblink|z}}
|-
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ر}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|r}} 
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ز}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɟ}}~{{IPAblink|z}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|س}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|s}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ش}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|s}}~{{IPAblink|ʃ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ص}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|s}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ض}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|d}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ط}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|t}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ظ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɟ}}~{{IPAblink|z}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ع}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ʔ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|غ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ݝ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ŋ}}
|-
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ف}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|f}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ق}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|q}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ک}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|k}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|گ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ل}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|l}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|م}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|m}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ن}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|n}} 
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ݧ}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|ɲ}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ه}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|h}} 
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|و}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|w}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic|ي}}</span><br>{{IPAblink|j}} 
|}
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel at the beginning of a word
|-
! A || À || Ë || E || É || I || O || Ó || U
|-
! colspan="9" |Short Vowels
|- dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣵ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣴ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣹ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣺ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اِ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣷ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣸ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اُ}}</span>
|-
! colspan="9" |Long Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" | Aa
! Ëe || Ee || Ée || Ii || Oo || Óo || Uu
|- dir="rtl"
| colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|آ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣴعࣴـ / اࣴعࣴ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣹيـ / اࣹي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣺيـ / اࣺي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اِيـ / اِي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣷو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اࣸو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|اُو}}</span>
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel at the middle or end of a word
|-
! a || à || ë || e || é || i || o || ó || u || ∅
|-
! colspan="10" |Short Vowels
|- dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣵ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣴ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣹ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣺ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣷ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣸ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ْ}}</span>
|-
! colspan="10" |Long Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" | aa 
! ëe || ee || ée || ii || oo || óo || uu ||
|- dir="rtl"
| colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َا‎}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣴعࣴـ / ◌ࣴعࣴ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣹيـ / ◌ࣹي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣺيـ / ◌ࣺي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِيـ / ◌ِي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣷو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ࣸو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو}}</span>

|}
|}

Additionally, another script exists: [[Garay alphabet|Garay]], an [[alphabet]]ic script invented by Assane Faye in 1961, which has been adopted by a small number of Wolof speakers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12139-n4261-garay.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819203411/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12139-n4261-garay.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-19 |url-status=live |title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP of the UCS |last1=Everson |first1=Michael |date=26 April 2012 |publisher=UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project)/International Organization for Standardization |access-date=5 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ager |first1=Simon |title=Wolof |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>

The first syllable of words is [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]]ed; long vowels are pronounced with more time but are not automatically stressed, as they are in English.