Editing William de St-Calais (section)

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Durham Cathedral plan.jpg|thumb|left| upright=2.2 |A plan of Durham Cathedral, 1913|alt=Architectural plan of a cross shaped cathedral]]
Shortly before Christmas 1095, one of St-Calais' knights, Boso, fell ill and dreamed he was transported to the afterlife, where he found a large house with gates made of iron. Suddenly, St-Calais emerged from the gates, asking the knight the whereabouts of one of his servants. Boso's guide in the dream then informed Boso that this was a warning that St-Calais would soon die. Boso recovered and warned St-Calais of the dream.<ref name=DNB/>

St-Calais died on 2 January 1096<ref name=BHODurham/> after falling gravely ill on the previous [[Christmas|Christmas Day]]. Before his death he was consoled by Anselm and was blessed by his former opponent.<ref name=Anselm194>Vaughn ''Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan'' p. 194</ref> He was buried on 16 January 1096 in the [[chapter house]] at Durham.<ref name=Rufus356>Barlow ''William Rufus'' p. 356</ref> The king had summoned St-Calais shortly before Christmas to answer an unknown charge, and it is possible that the stress of this threat caused his death.<ref name=Mason163>Mason ''William II'' pp. 163–164</ref> In 1796 St-Calais' grave was supposedly found during the demolition of the chapter house at Durham Cathedral. Found in the grave were a pair of sandals, which still survive, and fragments of a gold embroidered robe.<ref name=Carver12>Carver "Early Medieval Durham" ''Medieval Art and Architecture'' p. 12</ref>

While in office as bishop, St-Calais gave a copy of the ''False Decretals'' to his cathedral library. The manuscript was an edition that had been collected or prepared by Lanfranc for the use of the chapter of Canterbury.<ref name=BrookePapacy79>Brooke ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 76</ref> St-Calais may have used this copy in his trial.<ref name=BrookePapacy109>Brooke ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 109</ref> His plea for an appeal to Rome was grounded in the ''False Decretals'', whether or not it was based on this particular manuscript.<ref name=Stafford200>Stafford ''Unification and Conquest'' p. 200</ref> The manuscript itself is now in the [[Peterhouse, Cambridge|Peterhouse Library]].<ref name=BrookePapacy162>Brooke ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 162</ref> St-Calais also gave a copy of Bede's ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum]]'' to his cathedral chapter; this copy still survives.<ref name=Williams153/> Other works that St-Calais gave to the cathedral library were copies of [[Augustine of Hippo]]'s ''[[City of God (book)|De Civitae Dei]]'' and ''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|Confessions]]''; [[Gregory the Great]]'s ''[[Pastoral Care]]'', ''[[Moralia in Job|Moralia]]'', and ''Homilies''; and [[Ambrose]]'s ''De Poenitentia''.<ref name=Dawtry97>Dawtry "Benedictine Revival in the North" ''Studies in Church History 18'' pp. 97–98</ref>

St-Calais was known to his contemporaries as an intelligent and able man. He had an excellent memory.<ref name=Monastic169/> [[Frank Barlow (historian)|Frank Barlow]], a historian, describes him as a "good scholar and a monk of blameless life".<ref name=Rufus60/> Besides his copy of the ''Decretals'', he left at his death over fifty books to the monks of Durham, and the list of those volumes still exists.<ref name=Monastic523>Knowles ''Monastic Order'' p. 523</ref>{{efn|The list is given in ''Dunelmensis Ecclesiae Cathedralis Catalogi liborum'' published by the [[Surtees Society]] in volume VII of their works in 1838.<ref name=Monastic523fn>Knowles ''Monastic Order'' p. 523 footnote 4</ref>}} His best-known legacy is the construction of Durham Cathedral, although the [[nave]] was not finished until 1130. The construction technique of combining a pointed arch with another [[rib vault|rib]] allowed a six-pointed [[vault (architecture)|vault]], which enabled the building to attain a greater height than earlier churches. This permitted larger [[clerestory]] windows, and let more light into the building. The technique of the six-pointed vault spread to [[Abbaye-aux-Hommes|Saint-Etienne]] in [[Caen]] from which it influenced the development of [[Gothic architecture|early Gothic architecture]] near Paris.<ref name=Adams200>Adams ''History of Western Art'' p. 200</ref> The system of rib vaulting in the choir was the earliest use of that technique in Europe.<ref name=ArtAges352>Croix ''Gardner's Art Through the Ages'' p. 352</ref> The historian Frank Barlow called the cathedral "one of the architectural jewels of western Christendom".<ref name=DNB/>