Editing Wiesbaden (section)

===World War II===
In World War II, Wiesbaden was the headquarters for Germany's [[Wehrkreis XII]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tessin |first=Georg |title=Verzeichnis der Friedensgarnisonen 1932–1939 und Stationierungen im Kriege 1939–1945. Wehrkreise VII–XIII |publisher=Biblio Verlag |year=1996 |isbn=3764809418 |editor-last=Zweng |editor-first=Christian |series=Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 |volume=17 |location=Osnabrück |pages=276 |language=de |chapter=}}</ref> This military district included the [[Eifel]], part of [[Hesse]], the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], and the [[Saarland]]. After the [[Battle of France]], this ''Wehrkreis'' was extended to include [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]], including [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], and the Grand Duchy of [[Luxembourg]]. The commander was ''General der Infanterie'' [[Walther Schroth]].

''Wehrkreis'' XII was made up of three subordinate regions: ''Bereich Hauptsitze'' [[Koblenz]], [[Mannheim]] and [[Metz]].

*''Bereich Hauptsitz'' Koblenz was the headquarters for 12 ''Unterregion-Hauptsitze'', namely [[Trier]] I, Trier II, [[Koblenz]], [[Neuwied]], [[Kreuznach]], Wiesbaden, [[Limburg an der Lahn]], [[Lahn]], [[Mainz]], [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], [[Darmstadt]], and [[Luxembourg]].
*''Bereich Hauptsitz'' Mannheim was the headquarters for 10 ''Unterregion-Hauptsitze'', namely [[Saarlautern]], [[Saarbrücken]], [[St. Wendel]], [[Zweibrücken]], [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]], [[Ludwigshafen]] (Rhein), [[Mannheim]] I, Mannheim II, and [[Heidelberg]].
*''Bereich Hauptsitz'' Metz was the headquarters for ''Unterregion-Hauptsitze'' [[Metz]], [[Diedenhofen]] (Thionville), and [[Saint-Avold]].

During the war, Wiesbaden was, between August 1940 and the end of 1942, bombed by the [[Royal Air Force]] and from 1943 through to March 1945, was attacked by both RAF and United States Air Force bombers on 66 days. In the attacks, about 18% of the city's homes were destroyed. During the war, more than 25% of the city's buildings were damaged or worse and 1,700 people were killed.<ref name="Heinrich-Verlag GmBH-2011">{{cite book |title= Wiesbaden: For Old Friends and New|last= Heinrich-Verlag GmBH|year= 2011|publisher= Heinrich-Verlag GmBH|isbn= 978-3-89889-167-7|pages= 80}}</ref>

Wiesbaden was the location of a camp for [[Sinti]] and [[Romani people]] (see ''[[Romani Holocaust]]''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100001028|title=Lager für Sinti und Roma Wiesbaden|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=9 January 2024|language=de}}</ref> and two subcamps of the [[Hinzert concentration camp]], mostly for Luxembourgish prisoners.<ref>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=842|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}</ref>

Wiesbaden was captured by U.S. Army forces on 28 March 1945. The U.S. 317th Infantry Regiment attacked in assault boats across the Rhine from Mainz while the 319th Infantry attacked across the river Main near [[Hochheim am Main]]. The attack started at 01:00 and by early afternoon the two forces of the [[80th Division (United States)|80th U.S. Infantry Division]] had linked up with the loss of only three dead and three missing. The Americans captured 900 German soldiers and a warehouse full of 4,000 cases of champagne.<ref>The Last Offensive by Charles B. MacDonald, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 71-183070</ref>

After the war's end, American rock artist [[Elvis Presley]] was stationed in Friedberg and often visited Wiesbaden.<ref name="Heinrich-Verlag GmBH-2011"/>