Editing White matter (section)

===Volume===

Smaller volumes (in terms of group averages) of white matter might be associated with larger deficits in [[attention]], [[declarative memory]], [[executive function]]s, [[intelligence]], and [[academic achievement]].<ref name="Tasman 2015 p. ">{{cite book | last=Tasman | first=Allan | title=Psychiatry | publisher=Wiley Blackwell | location=West Sussex, England | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-118-84549-3 | oclc=903956524 | language=cy }}</ref><ref name="Fields 2008 pp. 361–370">{{cite journal | last=Fields | first=R. Douglas | title=White matter in learning, cognition and psychiatric disorders | journal=Trends in Neurosciences | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=31 | issue=7 | date=2008-06-05 | issn=0166-2236 | pmid=18538868 | pmc=2486416 | doi=10.1016/j.tins.2008.04.001 | pages=361–370}}</ref> However, volume change is continuous throughout one's lifetime due to [[neuroplasticity]], and is a contributing factor rather than determinant factor of certain functional deficits due to compensating effects in other brain regions.<ref name="Fields 2008 pp. 361–370"/> The integrity of white matter declines due to aging.<ref name="Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 2016 p. ">{{cite book | title=Handbook of the Psychology of Aging | publisher=Elsevier | year=2016 | isbn=978-0-12-411469-2 | doi=10.1016/c2012-0-07221-3 }}</ref> Nonetheless, regular [[aerobic exercise]] appears to either postpone the aging effect or in turn enhance the white matter integrity in the long run.<ref name="Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 2016 p. "/> Changes in white matter volume due to inflammation or injury may be a factor in the severity of [[obstructive sleep apnea]].<ref name="Castronovo Scifo Castellano Aloia pp. 1465–1475">{{cite journal | last1=Castronovo | first1=Vincenza | last2=Scifo | first2=Paola | last3=Castellano | first3=Antonella | last4=Aloia | first4=Mark S. | last5=Iadanza | first5=Antonella | last6=Marelli | first6=Sara | last7=Cappa | first7=Stefano F. | last8=Strambi | first8=Luigi Ferini | last9=Falini | first9=Andrea | title=White Matter Integrity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea before and after Treatment | journal=Sleep | volume=37 | issue=9 | date=2014-09-01 | issn=0161-8105 | pmid=25142557 | pmc=4153061 | doi=10.5665/sleep.3994 | pages=1465–1475}}</ref><ref name="Chen Lu Lin Chen pp. 361–370">{{cite journal | last1=Chen | first1=Hsiu-Ling | last2=Lu | first2=Cheng-Hsien | last3=Lin | first3=Hsin-Ching | last4=Chen | first4=Pei-Chin | last5=Chou | first5=Kun-Hsien | last6=Lin | first6=Wei-Ming | last7=Tsai | first7=Nai-Wen | last8=Su | first8=Yu-Jih | last9=Friedman | first9=Michael | last10=Lin | first10=Ching-Po | last11=Lin | first11=Wei-Che | title=White Matter Damage and Systemic Inflammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea | journal=Sleep| volume=38 | issue=3 | date=2015-03-01 | issn=0161-8105 | pmid=25325459 | pmc=4335530 | doi=10.5665/sleep.4490 | pages=361–370}}</ref>