Editing Voice acting (section)

=== AI-generated and AI-modified voices ===
Since the late 2010s, software to modify and generate human voices has become more popular. In 2019, AI startup Dessa created the computer-generated voice of [[Joe Rogan]] using thousands of hours of audio from [[The Joe Rogan Experience|his podcast]],<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/DWK_iYBl8cA Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190516141251/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWK_iYBl8cA Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|title=RealTalk: We Recreated Joe Rogan's Voice Using Artificial Intelligence| date=10 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWK_iYBl8cA|language=en|access-date=21 February 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> while video game developer [[Ubisoft]] used [[speech synthesis]] to give thousands of characters distinguished voices in its 2020 game ''[[Watch Dogs: Legion]]'', and [[Google]] announced that same year their solution to generate human-like speech from text.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ai.googleblog.com/2017/12/tacotron-2-generating-human-like-speech.html|title=Tacotron 2: Generating Human-like Speech from Text|website=Google AI Blog|date=19 December 2017 |language=en|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>

Most voice actors and others in the entertainment industry have reacted negatively to this development due to the threat it poses to their livelihood.<ref name="techwireasia">{{Cite web |last=Zulhusni |first=Muhammad |date=2024-01-18 |title=Why are voice actors up in arms over AI in gaming? |url=https://techwireasia.com/2024/01/gaming-voice-actors-voice-out-their-opinions-on-ai-and-its-misuse/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Tech Wire Asia |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[2023 SAG-AFTRA strike]] included negotiations between the union and Hollywood studios about the regulation of AI, as well as discussions with video game studios about new terms that would protect voice actors who specialize in that field.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Matt O'Brien|agency=Associated Press |title=Voice actors face a reckoning in the age of AI—but some are leaning into the technology |url=https://fortune.com/2024/02/19/voice-actors-ai-jobs-sagaftra/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quach |first=Katyanna |date=Aug 24, 2023 |title=Hollywood studios agree AI-generated content should not reduce humans' pay or credit |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/08/24/hollywood_tv_and_film_studios/ |archive-date= |access-date=July 17, 2024}}</ref> Although SAG-AFTRA heralded the deal it struck with AI company Replica Studios as a breakthrough due to its supposed ability to give actors more control over licensing their voice and how it may be used, the deal received backlash for its actual lack of protections from prominent voice actors such as [[Steve Blum]], [[Joshua Seth]], [[Veronica Taylor]], and [[Shelby Young]].<ref name="techwireasia" /> The use of AI voices in video games and animation has also been criticized in general by voice actors such as [[Jennifer Hale]], [[David Hayter]], [[Maile Flanagan]], and [[Ned Luke]].<ref name="techwireasia" />

AI voices have caused concern due to the creation of believable [[audio deepfake]]s featuring celebrities or other public figures saying things they did not actually say, which could lead to a synthetic version of their voice being used against them.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Zotkin|first1=D. N.|last2=Shamma|first2=S. A.|last3=Ru|first3=P.|last4=Duraiswami|first4=R.|last5=Davis|first5=L. S.|title=2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03) |chapter=Pitch and timbre manipulations using cortical representation of sound |date=April 2003|volume=5|pages=V–517–20|doi=10.1109/ICASSP.2003.1200020|isbn=978-0-7803-7663-2|s2cid=10372569}}</ref> In October 2023, during the start of the British [[Labour Party UK|Labour Party]]'s conference in [[Liverpool]], an audio deepfake of Labour leader [[Keir Starmer]] was released that falsely portrayed him verbally abusing his staffers and criticizing Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepfake audio of Sir Keir Starmer released on first day of Labour conference |url=https://news.sky.com/story/labour-faces-political-attack-after-deepfake-audio-is-posted-of-sir-keir-starmer-12980181 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> That same month, an audio deepfake of Slovak politician [[Michal Šimečka]] falsely claimed to capture him discussing ways to rig the upcoming election.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Meaker |first=Morgan |title=Slovakia's Election Deepfakes Show AI Is a Danger to Democracy |url=https://www.wired.com/story/slovakias-election-deepfakes-show-ai-is-a-danger-to-democracy/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> In January 2024, voters in the [[2024 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary|New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary]] received phone calls featuring an AI-generated voice of U.S. President [[Joe Biden]] that tried to discourage them from voting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=New Hampshire investigating fake Biden robocall meant to discourage voters ahead of primary |url=https://apnews.com/article/new-hampshire-primary-biden-ai-deepfake-robocall-f3469ceb6dd613079092287994663db5 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>