Editing Veterinary medicine (section)

==Veterinary research==
[[File:Kitten check up at Guantanamo.jpg|thumb|right|An eye examination of a kitten is underway prior to the kitten's adoption.]]
Veterinary research includes prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of animals, and basic biology, welfare, and care of animals. Veterinary research transcends species boundaries and includes the study of spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced models of both human and animal diseases and research at human-animal interfaces, such as food safety, wildlife and ecosystem health, [[zoonotic disease]]s, and public policy.<ref>{{cite book|last1=National Research Council|first1=(US) Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science|title=Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science.|date=2005|publisher=National Academies Press (US)|location=Washington (DC)}}</ref> By value the most important Animal Health pharmaceutical supplier worldwide is by far Zoetis (United States).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://torreya.com/publications/pharma-1000-report-update-torreya-2021-11-18.pdf |title=Top Global Pharmaceutical Company Report |work=The Pharma 1000 |date=November 2021 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>

===Clinical veterinary research===
As in medicine, [[randomized controlled trial]]s also are fundamental in veterinary medicine to establish the effectiveness of a treatment.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sargeant|first1=JM|title=Quality of reporting of clinical trials of dogs and cats and associations with treatment effects.|journal=Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine|date=2010|volume=24|issue=1|pages=44–50|doi=10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0386.x|pmid=19807866|doi-access=free}}</ref> Clinical veterinary research is far behind human medical research, though, with fewer randomized controlled trials, that have a lower quality and are mostly focused on research animals.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Di Girolamo|first1=N|title=Deficiencies of effectiveness of intervention studies in veterinary medicine: a cross-sectional survey of ten leading veterinary and medical journals|journal=PeerJ|date=2016|volume=4|page=e1649|doi=10.7717/peerj.1649|pmid=26835187|pmc=4734056|doi-access=free}}</ref> Possible improvement consists in creation of networks for inclusion of private veterinary practices in randomized controlled trials. Although the FDA approves drugs for use in humans, the FDA keeps a separate "Green Book", which lists drugs approved specifically for veterinary medicine (about half of which are separately approved for use in humans).[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01502]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Kevin A. |last2=Qureshi |first2=M. Haziq |last3=Cox |first3=Philip B. |last4=Marshall |first4=Christopher M. |last5=Bellaire |first5=Bailey C. |last6=Wilcox |first6=Michael |last7=Stuart |first7=Bradey A. R. |last8=Njardarson |first8=Jon T. |date=2020-12-24 |title=A Structural Analysis of the FDA Green Book-Approved Veterinary Drugs and Roles in Human Medicine |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01502 |journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |language=en |volume=63 |issue=24 |pages=15449–15482 |doi=10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01502 |pmid=33125236 |s2cid=226218045 |issn=0022-2623}}</ref>

No studies exist on the effect of community animal health services on improving household wealth and the health status of low-income farmers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martin Curran |first1=Marina |last2=MacLehose |first2=Harriet |date=2006-04-19 |editor-last=Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group |title=Community animal health services for improving household wealth and health status of low income farmers |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2006 |issue=2 |pages=CD003049 |language=en |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003049.pub2 |pmc=6532712 |pmid=16625568}}</ref>

The first recorded use of regenerative [[stem-cell therapy]] to treat lesions in a wild animal occurred in 2011 in Brazil.<ref name="CFMV">[https://www.cfmv.gov.br/tratamento/comunicacao/noticias/2011/01/11/ Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária]: "Tratamento", 11 January 2011, (in portuguese). Retrieved 4 May 2022.</ref> On that occasion, the {{Ill|Zoo Brasília|pt|Jardim Zoológico de Brasília}} used [[stem cells]] to treat a [[maned wolf]] who had been run over by a car, which was later returned, fully recovered, to nature.<ref name="CFMV" />