Editing Valerian (herb) (section)

=== Phytochemicals ===
Known compounds detected in valerian include:<ref name="drugs" />
* [[Alkaloid]]s: [[actinidine]],<ref name="phenolics">Fereidoon Shahidi and Marian Naczk, ''Phenolics in food and nutraceuticals'' (Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press, 2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=vHOJKw4umikC&pg=PA313 pp. 313–314] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624105109/http://books.google.com/books?id=vHOJKw4umikC&pg=PA313 |date=2013-06-24 }} {{ISBN|1-58716-138-9}}.</ref> chatinine,<ref name="phenolics" />{{NoteTag|1= Although many sources list "catinine" as an alkaloid present in extracts from the root of ''Valeriana officinalis'', those sources are incorrect. The correct spelling is "chatinine". It was discovered by S. Waliszewski in 1891. See:
* S. Waliszewski (15 March 1891). ''L'Union pharmaceutique'', p. 109. Abstracts of this article appeared in: "Chatinine, alcaloïde de la racine de valériane". ''Répertoire de pharmacie'', series 3, vol. 3, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aPkKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166 pp. 166–167]; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619055528/http://books.google.com/books?id=aPkKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166 |date=2013-06-19 }} (April 10, 1891).
* ''American Journal of Pharmacy'', vol. 66, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bj0fAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA285 p. 285]; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619145305/http://books.google.com/books?id=Bj0fAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA285 |date=2013-06-19 }} (June 1891).}} shyanthine,<ref name="phenolics" /> valerianine,<ref name="phenolics" /> and valerine<ref name="phenolics" />
* [[Isovaleramide]] may be created in the extraction process.{{NoteTag|[[Isovaleramide]] does not appear to be a naturally occurring component of valerian plants; rather, it seems to be an artifact of the extraction process; specifically, it is produced by treating aqueous extracts of valerian with ammonia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Balandrin |first1 = M. F. |last2 = Van Wagenen |first2 = B. C. |last3 = Cordell |first3 = G. A. |year = 1995 |title = Valerian-derived sedative agents. II. Degradation of Valmane-derived valepotriates in ammoniated hydroalcoholic tinctures |journal = Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews |doi = 10.3109/15569549509097280 |volume = 14 |issue = 2 |pages = 88–252 }}</ref>}}
* [[Gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA)<ref name="ods" />
* [[Valeric acid]]<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Valeric Acid |volume=27 |page=859}}</ref> 
* [[Isovaleric acid]]{{NoteTag|[[Isovaleric acid]] does not appear to be a natural constituent of ''V. officinalis''; rather, it is a breakdown product that is created during the extraction process or by enzymatic hydrolysis during (improper) storage.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9HN5DxpYOQC&pg=PA22 pp. 22 and 123] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619073525/http://books.google.com/books?id=Z9HN5DxpYOQC&pg=PA22 |date=2013-06-19 }} of Peter J. Houghton, ''Valerian: the genus Valeriana'' (Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Harwood Academic Press, 1997) {{ISBN|90-5702-170-6}}.</ref>}}
* [[Iridoid]]s, including valepotriates<ref name="phenolics" />
* [[Sesquiterpene]]s (contained in the [[Essential oil|volatile oil]]): [[valerenic acid]],<ref name="pmid14742369">{{cite journal |vauthors = Yuan CS, Mehendale S, Xiao Y, Aung HH, Xie JT, Ang-Lee MK |title = The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and valerenic acid on rat brainstem neuronal activity. |journal = Anesth Analg |year = 2004 |volume = 98 |issue = 2 |pages = 353–8, table of contents |pmid = 14742369 |doi = 10.1213/01.ANE.0000096189.70405.A5 |citeseerx = 10.1.1.323.5518 |s2cid = 14526474 }}</ref> hydroxyvalerenic acid and acetoxyvalerenic acid<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Wills |first1 = R.B.H. |last2 = Shohet |first2 = D. |title = Changes in valerenic acids content of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L. s.l.) during long-term storage |journal = Food Chemistry |volume=115 |issue=1 |date=July 2009 |pages=250–253 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.011 }}</ref>
* [[Flavanone]]s: [[hesperidin]],<ref name="pmid12895671">{{cite journal |vauthors = Marder M, Viola H, Wasowski C, Fernández S, Medina JH, Paladini AC |title = 6-methylapigenin and hesperidin: new valeriana flavonoids with activity on the CNS |journal = Pharmacol Biochem Behav |year=2003 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=537–45 |pmid=12895671 |doi=10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00121-7 |s2cid = 37559366 }}</ref> 6-methyl[[apigenin]],<ref name="pmid12895671" /> and linarin<ref name="pmid14751470">{{cite journal |vauthors = Fernández S, Wasowski C, Paladini AC, Marder M |title = Sedative and sleep-enhancing properties of linarin, a flavonoid-isolated from Valeriana officinalis |journal=Pharmacol Biochem Behav |year=2004 |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=399–404 |pmid=14751470 |doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2003.12.003 |s2cid = 34347546 }}</ref>