Editing Urology (section)

===Laparoscopy===
[[Laparoscopy]] is a rapidly evolving branch of urology and has replaced some open surgical procedures. [[Robotic surgery|Robot-assisted surgery]] of the prostate, kidney, and ureter has been expanding this field. Today, many prostatectomies in the United States are carried out by so-called robotic assistance. This has created controversy, however, as robotics greatly increase the cost of surgery and the benefit for the patient may or may not be proportional to the extra cost. Moreover, current (2011) market situation for robotic equipment is a de facto monopoly of one publicly held corporation<ref>{{cite web|title=Intuitive Surgical, Inc.|url=http://www.intuitivesurgical.com/|website=Intuitivesurgical.com|access-date=2013-09-01}}</ref> which further fuels the cost-effectiveness controversy.