Editing Unification of Italy (section)

===Exiles and European and masculine ideals===
Many of the key intellectual and political leaders operated from exile; most Risorgimento patriots lived and published their work abroad after successive failed revolutions. Exile became a central theme of the foundational legacy of the Risorgimento as the narrative of the Italian nation fighting for independence.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isabella |first1=Maurizio |title=Exile and Nationalism: The Case of the Risorgimento |journal=European History Quarterly |date=October 2006 |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=493–520 |doi=10.1177/0265691406068126 }}</ref> The exiles were deeply immersed in European ideas, and often hammered away at what Europeans saw as Italian vices, especially effeminacy and indolence. These negative stereotypes emerged from [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] notions of national character that stressed the influence of the environment and history on a people's moral predisposition. Italian exiles both challenged and embraced the stereotypes and typically presented gendered interpretations of Italy's political "degeneration". They called for a masculine response to feminine weaknesses as the basis of national regeneration and fashioned their image of the future Italian nation firmly in the standards of European nationalism.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 10.1086/531319|doi = 10.1086/531319|title = Indolence and Regeneration: Tropes and Tensions of Risorgimento Patriotism|journal = The American Historical Review|volume = 110|issue = 2|pages = 380–408|year = 2005|last1 = Patriarca|first1 = Silvana}}</ref>