Editing Umbria (section)

== Economy ==
[[File:I Piani di Castelluccio durante la fioritura della lenticchia (4).jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Piano Grande]] in [[Castelluccio (Norcia)|Castelluccio]] with lentil fields in flower.]]

The present economic structure emerged from a series of transformations which took place mainly in the 1970s and 1980s. During this period, there was rapid expansion among small and medium-sized firms and a gradual retrenchment among the large firms which had hitherto characterised the region's industrial base. This process of structural adjustment is still going on.<ref name="circa.europa.eu">{{cite web |url=http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/ite2_eco.htm |title=Eurostat |website=Circa.europa.eu |access-date=24 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721131757/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/ite2_eco.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

Economically the most important region is the upper Tiber valley with [[Città di Castello]]. [[Terni]] steelworks (stainless steel, titanium, alloy steel) and processing companies (automotive, stainless steel tubes, industrial food facility) account for 20 to 25% of Umbria's GDP. In Terni there are also many multinational companies in the fields of chemistry, hydroelectric power, renewable sources of energy, and textiles ([[Alcantara (material)|Alcantara]], [[Cashmere wool|Cashmere]]). In the rest of the region the ornamental ceramics industry is much esteemed.<ref name="circa.europa.eu"/>

Umbrian agriculture is noted for its tobacco, [[olive oil]] and vineyards, which produce wines. Regional varietals include the white [[Orvieto]], which draws agri-tourists to the vineyards in the area surrounding the medieval town of the same name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intowine.com/sagrantino-di-montalfalco-umbria-comes-best-red-wine-you-never-tasted|title=Sagrantino di Montefalco: From Umbria Comes The Best Red Wine You Never Tasted!|website=IntoWine.com|date=2 July 2007}}</ref> A notable wine is the Grechetto<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.umbriatourism.it/en_US/-/grechetto-di-todi|title=Grechetto di Todi|website=umbriatourism.it|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref> of [[Todi]]. Other noted wines produced in Umbria are [[Torgiano#Torgiano DOC|Torgiano]] and Rosso di [[Montefalco]]. The Umbrian wineries are at the center of the "Cantine Aperte" or "Open Cellars" event, when local wine makers open their wineries to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stradadeivinidelcantico.it/en/page.asp?idarticolo=1318|title=Open Wineries Umbria 2019 – May 25th/26th|website=stradadeivinidelcantico.it|language=EN|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref> Another typical Umbrian product is the [[black truffle]] found in Valnerina, an area that produces 45% of this product in Italy.<ref name="circa.europa.eu"/>

The food industry in Umbria produces processed pork-meats, confectionery, pasta and the traditional products of Valnerina in preserved form (truffles, lentils, cheese).

The unemployment rate stood at 8.2% in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=lfst_r_lfu3rt&lang=en|title=Unemployment NUTS 2 regions Eurostat|language=en}}</ref>

===Tourism===
Umbria has many small and picturesque villages, 31 of them have been selected by {{lang|it|[[I Borghi più belli d'Italia]]}} ({{langx|en|The most beautiful Villages of Italy}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://borghipiubelliditalia.it/umbria/|title=Umbria|date=9 January 2017 |access-date=1 August 2023|language=it}}</ref> a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/viaggi/2023/01/16/news/borghi_piu_belli_italia_14_nuovi_2023-383794441/|title=Borghi più belli d'Italia. Le 14 novità 2023, dal Trentino alla Calabria|date=16 January 2023 |access-date=28 July 2023|language=it}}</ref> that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://borghipiubelliditalia.it/ |title = I Borghi più belli d'Italia, la guida online ai piccoli centri dell'Italia nascosta|access-date=3 May 2018|language=it}}</ref>

=== Umber ===
{{infobox color|title=Umber|hex=635147|source={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170730190624/http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-u.htm ISCC-NBS]}}|isccname=Dark grayish yellowish brown}}{{Main|Umber}}
Umbria is the region where the [[Umber]] pigment was originally extracted.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last1=Trumble|first1=William R.|url=https://archive.org/details/shorteroxfordeng00will_0|title=Shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles|last2=Stevenson|first2=Angus|last3=Brown|first3=Lesley|last4=Judith Siefring|date=2002|publisher=Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press|others=Internet Archive| isbn=978-0-19-860457-0 }}</ref> The name comes from ''terra d'ombra'', or earth of Umbria, the Italian name of the pigment. The word also may be related to the Latin word ''umbra'', meaning "shadow".<ref>{{Cite book|last=St. Clair|first=Kassia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/936144129|title=The secret lives of colour|date=2016|publisher=John Murray (Publishers) |isbn=978-1-4736-3081-9|language=en|oclc=936144129}}</ref> Umber is a natural brown or reddish-brown [[earth pigment]] that contains [[iron oxide]] and [[manganese oxide]].<ref name=":02" />

In the 20th century, natural umber pigments began to be replaced by pigments made with synthetic iron oxide and manganese oxide. Natural umber pigments are still being made, with [[Cyprus]] as a prominent source.